UMuhammad wakhuthaza abantu ukuba bathandane
UMuhammad wathi: “Ndifunga uThixo ukuba aniyi kuba ngamakholwa okwenyaniso kuYe ngaphandle kokuba nithandane. I will tell you something, if niyayenza nizothandana. Bulisanani rhoqo kwaye niyenze ibe ngumkhwa oqhelekileyo.”
(Ibaliswa nguMuslim 54)
Kwaye wathi: "Akukho bani uya kuba likholwa elilungileyo ngaphandle kokuba unqwenelela abazalwana bakhe oko akuthandayo ngokwakhe."
(Ibaliswa nguMuslim 269)
Kwakhona wathi: “Nabani na onceda ikholwa loyise ubunzima, uThixo uya kumnceda ukuba oyise ubunzima ngeMini yoMgwebo, yaye uThixo uya kusoloko emnceda umntu logama nje enceda abanye.” (1)
(Ibaliswa nguMuslim)
Ukubulisa abantu sisigidimi soxolo
Muhammad wathi:
Sukuze ujongele phantsi nasiphi na isenzo sobubele, nokuba udibana nabanye ngobuso obuqaqambileyo (obunoncumo). (2)
Wathi:
"Lowo ubulisa abanye kuqala usondele ngakumbi kuThixo kunabanye." (3)
Ngesinye isihlandlo wathi komnye owambuza ngendlela elungileyo yokuphatha abantu: “Nika abantu ukutya
(Ibaliswa nguMuslim 2626)
ubulise kowaziyo nongamaziyo. (4)
UMuhammad wayedla ngokubulisa abantu ngokufudumeleyo
Ngokwengxelo eziyinyani, u-Muhammad wayehlala edibana nabantu enobuso obuqaqambileyo kwaye xa exhawulana nabanye, akazange asikhulule isandla sakhe phambi komnye umntu.
UMuhammad wayenoburharha obuphakamileyo
Wayengumntu ovuya kakhulu kwaye wayenethemba. Abantu ababesebenza naye bamchaza njengomntu othandekayo kwaye kwangaxeshanye wayehlonitshwa kwaye ehlonitshwa. Kwizihlandlo ezininzi wayeqhula nabahlobo bakhe kunye namalungu osapho.
Ngexesha likaMuhammad, umdyarho (njengokubaleka) yayingumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuzonwabisa. Kwaxelwa ukuba uMuhammad wabonwa ngamaxesha amaninzi egijima kunye nomfazi wakhe (Abu Dawoud, 2/334, 2578. Ibn-Majeh, 3/149, 1979).
Uburharha obuphezulu kunye nexhegwazana
Kwabaliswa ukuba ixhegokazi lamcela ukuba alithandazele ukuze lingene kwiparadesi kaThixo.
UMuhammad waphendula ngokungandilisekanga wathi: “Akukho maxhegwazana kwiParadesi kaThixo.”
Wayengayiqondi kakuhle into awayeyithetha yaye wabhideka.
Kodwa kungekudala wacacisa: “Uya kuba mtsha xa ungena eParadesi” (yaye bonke abantu baya kuba).
Uburharha obuphezulu nabahlobo bakhe
Ngesinye isihlandlo, uMuhammad wabona umntu onamehlo abuhlungu ogama linguSuhayb (owayengumSilamsi waseRoma), ekhangeleka elusizi kwaye esitya umhla ovuthiweyo. UMuhammad wayefuna ukuqhula naye ukuze amvuyise ngoko wathi kuye: “Kwenzeka njani ukuba utye umhla kwaye iliso lakho lasekhohlo libuhlungu?” USuhayb waqonda ukuba uMuhammad wayeqhula naye ngoko waphendula wathi: “Ungabi naxhala ndiyitya kwicala lasekunene lomlomo wam (icala apho iliso lasekunene lalivakala).”
(Al-Hakim, 4/411, 8357. Ibn-Majeh 4/500, 3443)
UAnas Bin Malek ubalisa ukuba indoda yeza kuMuhammad yaza yamcela ukuba ayikhwelise inkamela. UMuhammad wathi: "Ndiza kukukhwelisa kumntwana wenkamela". Indoda yaphendula yathi: “Ndiza kwenza ntoni na ngomntwana wenkamela? Emva koko uMuhammad wathi: "Izinkamela zonke azingabantwana benkamela?" (5)
UMuhammad wayebakhathalele kwaye ebathanda abantwana
UMuhammad wanikela ingqalelo kubantwana. Wayedla ngokubabulisa adlale nabo. Ngesinye isihlandlo uMuhammad wabona inkwenkwana eyayibuhlungu ngenxa yokuba intaka yayo yafa. Nangona uMuhammad wayeya kwenye indawo, wachitha ixesha elithile kunye nenkwenkwana ukuze amkholise kwaye akhulule ukudabuka kwakhe. (6) (Sahih Al-Bukhari, 8/30, 6129. AmaSilamsi 6/176, 2150)
UMuhammad wayedla ngokucela abazali ukuba babonakalise uthando lwabo kubantwana babo ngokubanga, ukubanga kunye nokulunga kubo bonke abantwana babo.
UMuhammad uchaze utata ongazange amange umntwana wakhe njengongenanceba entliziyweni yakhe.
UMuhammad wayebathanda abamelwane bakhe
U-Muhammad wayenommelwane ongum Yuda owayengayamkeli i-Islam kwaye engenabubele kuye. Xa ummelwane ongumYuda wagula, uMuhammad wamtyelela ekhayeni lakhe, neyathambisa intliziyo yommelwane wakhe. Kwakhona, u-Muhammad watyelela inkwenkwana engumJuda ekhayeni lakhe xa waye wagula kuba le nkwenkwe yayisebenze ixesha elithile njengomncedisi okanye isicaka sika-Muhammad. (Sahih Al-Bukhari, 2/94, 1356)
UMuhammad wagxininisa ububele kubamelwane
UMuhammad watshela amaqabane akhe ukuba ingelosi enkulu uGabriel yayisoloko imcela ukuba aphathe kakuhle abamelwane bakhe. (7) UMuhammad wathi nabani na okholelwa kuThixo nakwiMini yoMgwebo kufuneka abe nobubele kubamelwane bakhe. (Sahih Al-Bukhari, 8/10, 6015)
Ngesinye isihlandlo wathi kwiqabane elalibizwa ngokuba nguAbu-Tharr:
"Ukuba upheka isuphu, yipheke ngamanzi amaninzi (okt yandise ubuninzi bayo) ukuze yanele ukunika abamelwane bakho."
(Sahih Muslim, 8/37, 2625)
UMuhammad waziphelisa izimilo ezimbi ekuhlaleni
Utshilo amatyeli aliqela ukuba abantu abaziphethe kakuhle baya kuba ngabona basondeleyo kuye ngoMhla woMgwebo kwaye abathandwa kakhulu nguye. Kwakhona wathi:
Musani ukuthiyana kwaye musani ukumonelana yaye ningabazalwana. (8)
Umntu okholelwa kuThixo akathuki okanye athuke okanye asebenzise intetho ekrwada.” (9)
Akukho kugculelwa okanye ukunyeliswa
“Owu makholwa, musani ukujongela phantsi (okanye ukuhlekisa okanye ukuhlekisa) enye nenye indoda ingahlekisi ngamadoda okanye abafazi bahlekise ngabafazi, le yokugqibela ingangcono kunangaphambili. "Sukunyelisana kwaye musa ukuthukana kwaye nabani na owenza njalo kwaye angaguquki ku-Allah ngenene ungumenzi wobubi."
IQuran, 49:11
Akukho mbono imbi, ukukrokrela okubi, ukuhlola kunye nokuhleba
“Owu makholwa, kuphepheni ukukrokrelana okuninzi, kuba ukukrokrelana kusisono esinzulu (esinzulu) kwaye musani ukuhlolana, okanye nihlebe omnye komnye. Ngubani na kuni othanda ukuyidla inyama yomfi? Ubuya kuyithiya. Ngoko yoyikani uAllh (uAllh), Yena nguYena Uxola ngoSozelo.”
Quran, 49:12
Musa ukudlulisa iindaba ezingalunganga
“Owu makholwa, ukuba umoni uniphathele iindaba (ezinokufuna ukuthatha inyathelo, ziqinisekiseni ngocoselelo phambi kokuba nimkholelwe nize nizenze, ukuze ningoni abantu ngokungazi, nize nizohlwaye ngenxa yento eniyenzileyo. .”
Quran, 49:6
Ukongeza ixabiso nge etiquette
UMuhammad ukhathalele isimilo sokuziphatha. Ufundise amaqabane akhe ukuba isimilo siyinxalenye yomzekelo wakhe kunye nendlela yakhe yobomi (iSunnah). Ukongeza, iivesi ezininzi kwiQuran zibongoza ukuthantamisa kunye nokuziphatha okuhle. UMuhammad ubonise ukuba iingelosi ziyacaphuka ngenxa yento ecaphukisa abantu (umz. Amazwi amakhulu, amavumba amabi, njl. Njl.) La manqaku alandelayo ashwankathela ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha zamaSilamsi:
- Musani ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo, ningahambi ngokuzidla.
- Kunconywa ukutyelela abantu abagulayo kodwa ungahlali ixesha elide xa u tyelela umntu ogulayo, umnike ixesha lokuphumla.
- Umntu kufuneka abe nevumba elimnandi xa eze kwi-mosque.
- Abo batya igalikhi okanye itswele akufuneki beze kwi-mosque, ukuze bangaphazamisi abanye ngalo naliphi na ivumba elibi okanye isenzo (umz. ukubhodla).
- Yiba luncedo uze unike abanye indawo kwiindawo zebandla apho kunzima ukufumana indawo yesisa.
- Biza abanye ngamagama kunye neziteketiso abawathandayo. Musa ukunika abantu iziqhulo abangazithandiyo.
- Xa uzamla beka isandla sakho emlonyeni kwaye ubasikelele abanye xa bethimla.
- Xa ethetha nabanye, ubani ufanele asebenzise awona magama afanelekileyo nawona amkelekileyo kubo ukuze athande. Igama elilungileyo luhlobo lwesisa kwiSilamsi.
- Thetha ngobubele nabazali bakho yaye ungabangxolisa, ungaze uthethe igama elibi nokuba “uff or fie” (elona gama lincinane libi ngesiArabhu).
- Abantwana bafanele basoloko benkqonkqoza emnyango baze bacele imvume yokungena, ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwigumbi labazali babo ngamaxesha athile emini.
- Ukuba upha abanye amanzi, ungowokugqibela ukusela (indlela yokuziphatha ekhethwayo).
- Ukuba umenywe kwisidlo sangokuhlwa okanye kwisidlo, yitya kwiimbiza ezikufutshane nawe uze ube nolwazelelelo kwabanye.
- Musa ukuphefumla ngekomityi yamanzi ngelixa usela kuwo.
- Nciphisa amehlo akho, sukujonga kubafazi okanye kubantu abadlulayo.
UMuhammad wabonwa eguqa ngamadolo kumfazi wakhe uSafiya ukuba amncede akhwele kuqala kwikamela ngokunyathela ethangeni lakhe.
(Ibaliswe nguAnas bin Malik – Bukhaariy – 9/20)
UMuhammad wayedla ngokuhlonipha iimbono zabanye
Nanini na xa enika abalandeli bakhe imiyalelo eyaqondwayo okanye eyaqondwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, wayedla ngokwamkela zombini iindlela ngaphandle kokuba bobabini bafezekisa iinjongo ezifunekayo ngendlela esemthethweni.
Kwidabi laloo Al-Salassel, iNkumanda yamaSilamsi u-Amr Bin Al-Aass wagxekwa ngokukhokela umthandazo ngaphandle kokwenza i-ghusul kunye nokuhlamba (wayekwimeko yokungcola ngokomoya). UMuhammad wakuphulaphula ukugwetyelwa kwakhe waza wakwamkela. U-Amr waxelela uMuhammad ukuba kwakubanda ngobo busuku kwaye ukuba wawuhlamba umzimba wakhe, unokugula kwaye akanakukhokela iqela lakhe.
(IAl-Hakim, 1/177, 634. Abu-Dawoud 1/132, 334)
U-Anas Bin Malik wathi wakhonza u-Muhammad iminyaka elishumi kwaye akazange abuzwe ngu-Muhammad “kutheni wenze lento kwaye kutheni ungayenzanga lonto”.
Al-Tirmidhi, 3351
UMuhammad wakhuthaza ukubonisana kunye nedemokhrasi (Shura)
UMuhammad wayesoloko ethetha namaqabane akhe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe. Wacebisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba babe nengqiqo yaye bacinge ngendlela esengqiqweni. Wabaxhobisa kwaye wababandakanya kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo.
Xa iinkosi zaseMeccan, kunye nezinye izizwe zama-Arabhu, zaceba ukuhlasela iMadinah, umSilamsi wasePersi wenza isindululo sokumba umsele kwicala elisemantla laseMadinah.
Nangona leyo yayiyingcamango yangaphandle engazange isetyenziswe ngaphambili e-Arabia kwaye yabekwa phambili ngumntu oqhelekileyo, uMuhammad wayiqwalasela nzulu kwaye yamkelwa luninzi lwamaSilamsi. Bemba umjelo oziikhilomitha ezi-5.5 ubude x 4.6 m ububanzi.
Kwesinye isihlandlo, (idabi laseBadr) umntu oqhelekileyo (umntu oqhelekileyo) uxelele uMuhammad: “Owu Mprofeti, ukuba ukhetho lwakho lokukhempisha kule ndawo aluphefumlelwanga sisityhilelo esivela kuThixo, ndingacebisa ukuba siye kwenye indawo?”
Umntu wabeka phambili izizathu zesiphakamiso sakhe kwaye emva kothethathethwano, uMuhammad wasamkela isicelo ngokufanayo namaqabane akhe; bafudukela kwenye indawo.
Bahlonele abantu bezinye iinkolo
U-Muhammad ukhuthaze amaqabane akhe ukuba abe nobuhlobo kwaye angafihli nto nabantu bezinye iinkolo ngelixa begcina ubuntu obuzimeleyo kunye nokuqonda okucacileyo malunga nenkolo yabo yamaSilamsi.
UMuhammad wabonisa indlela awayebahlonela ngayo abantu kungakhathaliseki ukholo lwabo izihlandlo ezininzi.
Kuthiwa wema ngeenyawo ebonisa intlonelo ngomngcwabo ethwele ibhokisi yomngcwabo wendoda engumYuda eyadlula kuye namaqabane akhe. UMuhammad waphendula umlingane owayezibuza ukuba kutheni uMuhammad emele umzimba othweleyo: "Ungumntu" (kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlanga lwakhe, ukholo kunye nentlalontle).
(Sahih Al-Bukhari, 2/85, 1312. Sahih Muslim, 3/58, 961)
Ingxoxo ngeenkolo kunye nokuhlala ngoxolo nabantu bezinye iinkolo
Ingxoxo yeenkolo ngeenkolo inokuchazwa njengeendlela ezimbini zonxibelelwano okanye ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu beenkolo ezahlukeneyo nezithethe ukuze kufikelelwe kwiziphumo ezilungileyo ezinjengokusuka kukrokro kunye nokudideka uye ekuqondeni nasekuqondeni okanye kubutshaba ukuya kubuhlobo.
Ngonyaka wama-632 CE, uMuhammad wamkela waza wandwendwela kwimosque yakhe kwisixeko saseMadina igqiza lamaKristu elalivela eNajran (eYemen) ukuze lifunde ngobuSilamsi lize lixoxe ngomahluko phakathi kobuSilamsi nobuKristu.
U-Muhammad wabeka izikhokelo kunye ne-etiquettes yencoko yababini kunye nengxoxo-mpikiswano nabanye, esekwe kwimbeko, ubulumko, ukuqonda kunye nobubele. IQuran ithi:
“Bizela (mema abantu) eNdleleni yeNkosi yakho ngobulumko nangesiluleko esilungileyo. Uze uxoxe nabo ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo. INkosi yakho yazi ngakumbi abo baphambukayo eNdleleni yaYo baza bafumana (ukufumana) ukukhokelwa.”
Quran, 16:125
“Kwaye musani ukuxoxa naBantu beNcwadi (amaYuda namaKrestu) ngaphandle kweyona ndlela ilungileyo ngaphandle kokuba abo babengabavukeli babo (abangekho sesikweni okanye begqithe kwimida yobulungisa). Yithi (kubo): Siyakholwa koko kutyhiliweyo kuthi, nakoko kutyhilwe kuwe; uThixo wethu noThixo wenu Mnye, kwaye siyazithoba kuYe.”
Quran, 29:46
I-Omar Mosque kunye neCawe ye-Holy Sepulcher, eJerusalem
Kwisixeko esidala saseYerusalem, umzekelo omkhulu wokunyamezelana ngokwenkolo ubukho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Iqale xa umlawuli wesibini ongumSilamsi welizwe lamaSilamsi uCaliph Omar Bin Al-Khattab wayithabathela iJerusalem (638 CE) ngoxolo ngaphandle kokuphalaza nethontsi legazi. U-Omar wamenywa ngu-Archbishop wase-Jerusalem, u-Sophronius, ukuba athandaze kwiCawe ye-Holy Sepulcher. Icawa yaziwa ngokuba yiCawe yovuko (Anastasis to Eastern Orthodox Christians).
Yeyona ndawo ingcwele yamaKristu ehlabathini. Ibandakanya iKalvari apho amaKristu akholelwa ukuba uYesu wabethelelwa emnqamlezweni, kunye nengcwaba (ingcwaba) apho angcwatyelwa khona. Ibiyindawo ebalulekileyo yokundwendwela ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-4, CE
Ngendlela ephawulekayo, u-Omar wala ukuthandaza eCaweni, esithi: "Ukuba bendithandazile ecaweni, ngeyithathwe ngamaSilamsi njenge mosque".
U-Omar endaweni yoko wathandaza iiyadi ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwecawa. Isenzo sakhe siqinisekisile ukuhlalisana ngoxolo phakathi kwamaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo. Iqinisekisile inkululeko yokunqula yabangengawo amaSilamsi phantsi korhulumente wamaSilamsi.
Kwakhiwa i-mosque kweso siza apho u-Omar athandazela ukukhumbula lo msitho wembali (kamva, wabizwa ngokuba yi-Omar Mosque).
UCaliph Omar waphathisa ugcino lweCawe yeThe Holy Sepulcher, ku-'Ubadah Ibn Al-Samit, iqabane lomprofeti uMuhammad owaba ngumgwebi wokuqala wamaSilamsi eYerusalem. U-Ubada wafa ngowama-658 CE waza wangcwatyelwa “kwiSango leNceba” kumangcwaba akwikona esemazantsi eludongeni evale iNdawo Ezukileyo. Ingcwele ibandakanya iDome yeLiwa kunye ne-Aqsa Mosque.
UMnqophiso kaOmar
UOmar wanika abantu baseYerusalem umnqophiso woxolo nokhuseleko owathi waziwa ngokuba “nguMnqophiso kaOmare”. Ibekwe eludongeni lwe-mosque kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwaye kude kube ngoku.
EGameni lika-Allah, uSozinceba, uSozinceba Esi sisiqinisekiso soxolo nenkuselo esinikwe sisicaka sika-Allah Omar kubantu base-Ilia' (iYerusalem). Wabanika isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lobomi babo, impahla, iicawe kunye nabagulayo nabasempilweni kunye nalo lonke uluntu lwalo lwenkolo. Iicawe zabo aziyi kuhlalwa, zichithwa okanye zithathwe ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Abayi kunyanzelwa kunqulo lwabo yaye akuyi kubakho namnye kubo onzakala. Abantu base-Ilia baya kuhlawula irhafu (iJizya) njengoko abemi bezixeko besenza (kwaye njengoko amaSilamsi ehlawula irhafu efanayo (zakat)).
Urhwebo kunye nemigaqo yoshishino
U-Muhammad ukhuthaze urhwebo kunye nentengiso esekwe kumaxabiso ahloniphekileyo amaSilamsi agxeka ukukopela, ukungahambisani nokuziphatha, ukukhohlisa, ubuqhetseba, ukuzilawula kunye nokuxhaphaza.
UMuhammad wathi: “Nabani na oqhathayo akakho phakathi kwethu” (oko kukuthi phakathi kwamakholwa angamalungisa). Kubaliswa nguMuslim. Kwakhona wathi: “UThixo umnika inceba yakhe umntu onyamezelayo xa ethenga, onyamezelayo xa ethengisa yaye enyamezela xa ecela amalungelo akhe.”
(Iyasebenza kumadoda nabasetyhini-Bukhari, 2076/16)
Ukuxoka nokwaphula isithembiso kuhanahaniso
UMuhammad uthe: “Nabani na (ezi mpawu) zine zilandelayo uyakuba ngumhanahanisi kwaye nabani na onezinye kuzo uya kuba nophawu olunye lokuhanahanisa ade ayincame:
Nanini na xa ephathisiwe, uyangcatsha;
2- Nanini na xa ethetha, uyaxoka;
3- Xa sukuba esenza umnqophiso uyanginiza;
Nanini na xa exabana, uziphatha ngokungakhathali, ngokukhohlakeleyo nangokuthuka.
Kungekudala emva kokuba efikile eMadinah, uMuhammad wayalela amaqabane akhe ukuba athenge isiqwenga somhlaba aze asinikele kwintengiso yasimahla. Abantu babehlala bethenga kwaye bethengisa kuyo ngaphandle kokuhlawula nayiphi na intlawulo okanye iindleko zesiko. Bayibiza ngokuba yiManakha.
Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa udonga olujikeleze umhlaba owabelwa nguMprofeti uMuhammad kurhwebo lwasimahla kwiinkulungwane ezili-14 ezadlulayo.
I-Fine Islamic Architecture ibonakaliswa ngeesilingi zamaplanga, zamaSilamsi
i-arches kunye nemihombiso eludongeni.
Imibhalo yokugqibela
- Riyadh Al-Salihin (183/3), (245/2), Sahih Al-Bukhari (13).
- Riyadh Al-Salihin (121/5).
- Riyadh Al-Salihin (858/2).
- Sahih Al-Bukhari (11).
- Sahih Abu Dawood, Imam Ahmed kunye noTrimithi.
- Riyadh Al-Salihin (862/1), Bukhari (598/10).
- Kwenye ingxelo, uMprofeti uMuhammad wathi: “UJibril (uGabriel) waqhubeka endicebisa ukuba ndiphathe kakuhle ummelwane de ndicinge ukuba umntu uya kwenza ummelwane wakhe abe yindlalifa yakhe.”
- Riyadh Al-Salihin (1591/1), Sahih Al-Bukhari (6065).
- Riyadh Al-Salihin (1734/1) (1738/3).
