"Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba le Quran iveliswe ngomnye ngaphandle kuka-Allah, kodwa sisiqinisekiso sesityhilelo esenziwe phambi kwayo kunye nenkcazo eneenkcukacha zeNcwadi (isibhalo sangaphambili), ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo (sisityhilelo) esivela INkosi yezwe lonke (Indalo iphela). ”
Quran, 10:37
UMmangaliso kaThixo kuMuhammad
Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuthunywa kukaMuhammad ukuhambisa uMyalezo kaThixo nokuzisa abantu kwi-monotheism kwakunzima kunabathunywa nabaprofeti abaninzi phambi kwakhe. Owona mmangaliso wayizisayo yayiyiQuran, eyayiyincwadi efundwe ngesiArabhu yasekuqaleni njengesityhilelo esivela kuThixo.
Ngaphandle kokuchaswa awayekufumana kubantu bakhe ababethetha isiArabhu, yena namaqabane akhe badlulisela ubuSilamsi kwizizwe nakwimimandla yeelwimi ezahlukileyo, iinkcubeko kunye neenkolo ngaphandle kwePeninsula yaseArabia.
"Ngaba abayi kucamngca ngeQuran? Ukuba ibiphuma komnye uAllâh bebeya kufumana kuyo ukungangqinelani (ukungangqinelani) okuninzi.”
Quran, 4:82
Kutheni iQuran ithathwa njengomangaliso wanaphakade?
Akukho mbhali ongumntu kwiQuran. AmaSilamsi awuthatha njengamazwi kaThixo kunye noMyalezo waKhe ongunaphakade kubo bonke abantu. Bakholelwa ukuba kuphela kwencwadi enamazwi kaThixo ngaphandle kokuba iphinde ibhalwe nguMthunywa wakhe okanye nabani na ongomnye.
Ngokungafaniyo nemimangaliso yomzimba eyayiziswa ngabaprofeti kunye nabathunywa bokwenyani kwaye yabonwa kuphela ngabantu ababephila ngamaxesha abo, iQuran ithathwa ngamaMuslim njengommangaliso ongunaphakade onokuchaphazeleka, ubonwe, ufundwe kwaye ugqithiswe ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.
Yithi (uMuhammad): “Ukuba uluntu lonke kunye namaJinni bebenokuhlanganisana ndawonye ukuze bavelise okufana nale Quran bebengenakuyivelisa efana nayo nokuba bebexhasana ngoncedo nangenkxaso.”
Quran, 17:88
Ukugcinwa okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kombhalo weQuran
IKoran yangoku iyafana naleyo ityhilwe uMprofeti uMuhammad kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine eyadlulayo. Ekuqaleni, yayikhunjulwa ngabaninzi abangamaMuslim (igama ngelizwi kunye neleta ngeleta).
Ke, kwakamsinya emva kokusweleka kukaMuhammad, iQuran epheleleyo yaqokelelwa kwincwadi enye xa u-Abu Bakr As-Siddiq waba likhalifa lokuqala e-Islam. Iikopi ezininzi zokwenyani zaveliswa zaza zahanjiswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo amaMuslim okanye imimandla xa u-Othman Bin Affan waba likhalifa lesithathu kwiminyaka eli-13 emva kokusweleka kuka-Prophet Muhammad.
Umbono wokuphindaphinda "i-Tawaator" iqinisekisa ubunyani obupheleleyo beQuran kuba ibonisa ukuba isicatshulwa esifanayo sibaliswa ngamaqela ahlukeneyo abantu kwaye sidluliswa ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye ngaphandle kokuchasana okanye ukungangqinelani okanye ukungaqhubeki.
IQuran, iHadith kunye neSunnah yoMprofeti
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amazwi kaMuhammad ¤ neemfundiso zakhe azizange zixutywe neQur'an (equlethe amazwi kaThixo kuphela ngaphandle kwezimvo okanye iingcaciso zomntu).
Iintetho kunye neemfundiso zikaMuhammad zaqokelelwa kwiincwadi ezazibizwa ngokuba "ISunnah okanye iHadith yomprofeti". Babandakanya iimfundiso zakhe, indlela yakhe yobomi kunye nenkcazo yeNcwadi (iQuran).
Ukufana phakathi kweencwadi ze-hadith kunye nezinye iincwadi ezingcwele
Uninzi lweencwadi ezingcwele zeenkolo ezahlukeneyo zibhaliwe kwaye zibhalwa ngabantu ngabanye ngamagama abo kunye namabinzana. Kuba iincwadi zeHadith zaqokelelwa ngabaphengululi abangamaMuslim kwaye zaziqulathe amazwi neemfundiso zikaMuhammad, abaphandi abaninzi bazithatha njengezinye iincwadi ezingcwele.
Umzekelo, ibhayibhile yabhalwa kwithuba leminyaka eli-1400 ukuya kwali-1800 ngababhali abohlukeneyo abangama-40. Yincwadi engama-66 eyahlukeneyo, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: iTestamente eNdala (eyayineencwadi ezingama-39) kunye neTestamente eNtsha (eyayineencwadi ezingama-27). (1)
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubhekisa kuYe uThixo njengo "Thina" kwiindinyana ezininzi zeQuran ngokuyimfuneko kuqondwa ngolwimi lwesiArabhu ukubonisa ubungangamsha namandla. Kulwimi lwesiNgesi oku kwaziwa ngokuba yiRoyal We, apho isimelabizo esikwisininzi sisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kumntu omnye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Qur'an ihlala isebenzisa igama elithi "yithi" elithetha ukuthi "Yithi kubo O Muhammad."
Ukugcinwa okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwesimbo sokucengceleza iKurani
Xa iQuran ifundwa okanye ifundwa, igama elithi "Tajweed" likhankanywa okanye libalaseliswa ukuchaza ulwazi olujongana nemithetho elawula indlela yokufunda iQuran.
AmaMuslim athemba ukuba ayisingombhalo weQuran kuphela owawugcinwe ngokukhethekileyo kodwa kunye neendlela uMuhammad kunye nabalingane bakhe babe-ncenceleza ngazo.
Iindlela zokufunda iQuran zibhalwe ngamagama ababalisi kunye nabaphenduli ukuqala kwabo bakuva oko bevela kuMuhammad kude kube ngoku. Oku kugubungele lonke ilizwe lamaMuslim kwaye kuyaqhubeka ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye ukuya kuthi ga ngoku.
Kukholelwa ukuba "iTajweed" yinzululwazi eyahluke kakhulu engafumaneki kwezinye iinkonzo. Ibonisa elona nqanaba liphezulu lokuqwalaselwa elinikezelwa ngamaqabane kaMuhammad ukugcina indlela awayefunda ngayo iQuran (igama negama).
Ulwimi olutyebileyo
IQuran yatyhilwa ngesi-Arabhu santlandlolo. Abaphengululi bamaMuslim bakholelwa ukuba ulwimi lwesiArabhu lungaphezulu kwezinye iilwimi ezininzi njengoko luxhaswa liqela lamagama kunye negrama yeArabic eyomeleleyo.
Ulwimi lwesiArabhu lunonobumba abangama-28, ezinye azikho kwezinye iilwimi ezinje ngo "Dhad" onzima u "D" kunye no "Tau" osindayo ngu "T".
Inani elivela kwigama ngalinye eliyintsusa okanye igama leengcambu linokugqitha kwimveliso e-100 kwaye ngokufanelekileyo inani elipheleleyo lamagama ngolwimi lwesiArabhu linokudlula kumagama azizigidi ezithandathu. Oku kuphakame kakhulu kunenani lamagama ezona lwimi zaziwayo ehlabathini.
Iinyaniso eziBalulekileyo zeNzululwazi kwiQuran
I-big bang kunye nokudalwa kwendalo yonke
Ngexesha likaMuhammad kwakungekho mntu waziyo malunga nokudalwa kwendalo yonke kunye nokuhamba kweeplanethi nokuba umhlaba uthe tyaba na okanye ujikeleze. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba uThixo, uMdali wendalo iphela, Nguye kuphela, Ngubani owaziyo ukuba yadalwa njani.
Kwiinkulungwane ezilishumi elinesine ezidlulileyo, iQuran yathetha ngokudalwa kwendalo iphela, ukuhamba kwelanga nenyanga, ukujikeleza komhlaba nokwenziwa kwemini nobusuku.
Inzululwazi yale mihla icacisa ukudalwa kwendalo iphela ngu "Big Bang theory" exhaswa yidatha yokujonga kunye neyolingo eqokelelwe kumashumi eminyaka. Ngokwe "Big Bang theory" yonke indalo ekuqaleni yayinobunzima obukhulu emva koko kwabakho ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu olukhokelele ekuyileni iminyele ephuma kumafu amafu ezinto zasezulwini ngomsi okanye ngohlobo lwegesi.
Ukwandiswa kwendalo iphela
Ngomnyaka we-1925, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseMelika uEdwin Hubble wanikezela ubungqina bokuba iinkwenkwezi ziyashenxana enye kwenye ebonisa ukuba iminyele kunye nendalo iphela iyanda. Kwakhona, kuyinyani yenzululwazi eqinisekisiweyo ukuba iiplanethi zihamba zijikeleze ilanga kwaye zijikeleza ngeenxa zonke.
Umntu uya kumangaliswa kukufaniswa kwenzululwazi yanamhlanje kunye neendinyana ezilandelayo zeQuran, ezacengcelezwa nguMuhammad ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezilishumi elinesine ezidlulileyo kwaye zagcinwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
“Ngaba ababangakholwayo babengazi na ukuba izulu nomhlaba zaye zamanyaniswa zaba yimbumba enye, Saza sazahlula saza sazenza zonke izinto eziphilayo emanzini? Àbasayi kukholwa na ngoko?
Quran, 21:30
“Wajikela (uThixo uSomandla) ezulwini xa lingumsi waza wathi kulo nasemhlabeni: “Hlanganani ngokuthanda okanye ngokungathandi, bathi: “Sihlanganisana ngokuthobela ngokuvumayo.”
Quran, 41:11
“Kwaye nguYe owadala ubusuku nemini, nelanga nenyanga. Zonke (izidalwa zasesibhakabhakeni) zidada ecaleni (zidada), nganye kuzo ikwindlela yayo engqukuva (umjikelo).”
Quran, 21:33
"Ngamandla kunye nobuchule Sadala izulu kwaye siyaqhubeka silwandisa."
Quran, 51:47
I-Embryology kunye nokudalwa koluntu
UMuhammad ucengceleze le ndinyana ilandelayo ingummangaliso echaza indalo yoluntu.
Ulwazi olunjalo lwalungaziwa ngexesha lakhe kwaye inzululwazi ye-embryology yayingekafunyanwa kwiminyaka eyi-1400 eyadlulayo.
“…Unidala ezibelekweni zoonyoko, indalo emva kwendalo, kwizigqubuthelo ezithathu zobumnyama (isithokothoko esiphindwe kathathu). Lo nguAllh, iNkosi yenu. Ulongamo lolwakhe. Akukho Thixo ingenguye. utheni na ke ukutyeka?
Quran, 39:6
Inzululwazi yanamhlanje icacisa ukuba kukho iileya ezintathu ezenza izigqubuthelo zobumnyama ezingqonge imveku engekazalwa esibelekweni zize zinike ukhuseleko oluluqilima nolunamandla lwemveku:
- Udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu sikamama,
- Udonga lwesibeleko kunye
- I-membrane ye-amino-chorionic.
Ukudalwa koluntu kuchazwe ngokungummangaliso kwindinyana elandelayo evela kwiQuran:
“Inene sidale umntu ngodongwe (ubuncinane bemveliso yomhlaba omanzi), Saze sammisa njengethontsi (ledlozi) kwindawo ekhuselekileyo; Emva koko Senze idlozi libe lihlwili legazi elijiyileyo (eliqinileyo), saza ngelo hlwili Senza igaqa losana olungekazalwa, emva koko Senze ngalo amathambo, saza sawagquma ngenyama amathambo, saze savelisa enye indalo.”
Quran, 23:12-14
i-sperm ->
ihlwili legazi ->
iqhuma lomntwana ->
amathambo ->
inyama
Kuyamangalisa ukuba ukukhula kombungu njengoko kuchaziwe kwiQuran kwafunyanwa kufana nokufunyanwa kwesayensi yezonyango. Kwakhona, kwafunyaniswa ukuba amathambo ayesenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kudalwe inyama, kanye njengoko kukhankanyiwe kule vesi ingasentla. (2)
Ukongeza, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba imvakalelo yokuva kwembumba esibelekweni ikhula esibelekweni soomama ngaphambi kokubona. Oku kuyahambelana nokulandelelana okuchazwe kwiQuran (32: 9, 76: 2, 23:78). Zonke iivesi zibhekisa kwingqondo yokuva ngaphambi kwamehlo.
“…Makabongwe ke uAllh Oyena ubalaseleyo kubadali.”
Quran, 23:14
309, Ukubala kweminyaka okumangalisayo
Ivesi 25, iSahluko 18 (Umqolomba) kwiQuran uthetha nge abasixhenxe abalalayo kwaye ichaza ukuba bachitha iminyaka engama-300 emqolombeni kunye "neminyaka eyi-9" eyongezelelweyo. Akukho mntu wayesazi ngexesha likaMuhammad ukuba kutheni le vesi ingazange ichaze inani lilonke “njengeminyaka engama-309” endaweni yeli binzana lingasentla.
Kwakhona, eArabhiya, akukho mntu wayesazi ngelo xesha umahluko phakathi konyaka wenyanga kunye nekhalenda yeSolar / Gregorian. Unyaka weLunar ziintsuku ezili-11 mfutshane kunonyaka weSola. Inyaniso emangalisayo yile: Kwiminyaka engama-300, umehluko phakathi konyaka wenyanga kunye nomnyaka weSolar / Gregorian yiminyaka eyi-9.
IQuran iprintwa rhoqo kumaphepha angama-604. Inamagama angama-80,000 phantse enza iivesi ezingama-6348 ezibandakanya izahluko ezili-114. Esona sahluko side kwiQuran sineevesi ezingama-286 kwaye esona sifutshane sineevesi ezi-3 kuphela.
Ulwazi olumangalisayo lweziganeko ezizayo
“AmaRoma oyisiwe kumhlaba okufuphi / osezantsi kodwa baya kufumana uloyiso kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa. U-Allah unoMyalelo kwityala langaphambili kwaye okokugqibela nangolo suku amakholwa (kuThixo) aya konwaba kwaye aya konwaba luloyiso lukaThixo. Unceda ekuphumeleleni lowo athanda ukumfumana. Nguye wonke uSomandla, Onenceba ”.
IKoran, 30: 2-5
Ngexesha likaMuhammad, akunakwenzeka ukuba ama-Arabhu aqikelele ukuba ukukhula kwengxabano kuya kuba njani phakathi kwamagunya amabini (ngexesha lawo) kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo nokuba ubukumkani oboyisiweyo bunokubuyisela uloyiso kwiminyaka embalwa. Kuyinyani ukuba uBukhosi basePersi boyisa uBukhosi baseRoma ngethuba (614-619 CE) kwingingqi yasePalestine babamba iJerusalem. Kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa, amaRoma ayebuyisile uloyiso kumaPersi eNineve (isixeko esise-Iraq).
I-geography engakholelekiyo
Okumangalisayo kukuba, uphando lwakutsha nje lwejoloji lufumanise ukuba uLwandle Olufileyo olukule ntlambo yeJordani lolona lwandle lunetyuwa olunzulu emhlabeni. Ziziimitha ezingama-422 (1,385 ft) ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle. Unxweme lwayo yeyona ndawo iphantsi emhlabeni. Ezi ndinyana zingasentla zibonisa ukuba amaRoma oyiswa kumhlaba wamaRoma osondeleyo eArabhiya kwaye eneneni yayiquka owona mhlaba usezantsi emhlabeni.
Qaphela: Igama lantlandlolo lesi-Arabhu elithi "adna" (ivesi 3 ngasentla) libonisa zombini iintsingiselo, ekufutshane neyona iphantsi.
Umqobo phakathi kwamanzi
Inzululwazi yanamhlanje isandul’ ukukwazi ukuchaza isizathu sokuba amanzi olwandlekazi amabini engadibani kunye kodwa kunoko kukho ummandla wamanzi obonakalayo, umqobo, phakathi kweelwandlekazi eziwathintelayo ukuba adibane. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba iilwandle azikwazi ukuxubana kuba amanzi azo anobushushu obahlukeneyo, ubutyuwa kunye nokuxinana. Ngokweengxelo zomprofeti uMuhammad, akazange ahambe kwiindawo apho wayenokubona indawo yokuhlangana yeelwandle ezimbini kodwa ichazwa ngokumangalisayo kwiQuran:
Wazindulula iilwandle zombini, zahlangana; Phakathi kwabo kukho isithintelo (ngoko) akukho namnye kubo ogqithelayo.”
IKurani, 55:19-20
Imibhalo yokugqibela
- ITestamente eNdala yabhalwa ngesiHebhere 1500-400 BC. ITestamente Entsha yaqanjwa ngesiGrike yaza yabhalwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yokuqala yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba iNcwadi kaMateyu yayiyeyona Vangeli yokuqala yabhalwa phakathi kuka-50 no-75 AD. Kwiincwadi ezine zeVangeli, ezikaJohn zithathwa njengeyokugqibela ukubhalwa, malunga ne-85 AD.
- Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-embryology kunye neenyani zesayensi kwiQuran, ndwendwela www.islamhouse.com