“Yini na bantu! Sinidale ngokuvela kwindoda nomfazi, kwaye sinenze izizwe kunye nentlanga ukuze nazane. Ngokuqinisekileyo Oyena Uhloniphekileyo Kuni Emehlweni Ka-Allah, Ngoyena ukholwayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo u-Allah wazi konke, uqaphela konke ”.
Quran, 49:13 Izindlu zangaphakathi (Al-Hujurát)
Inkululeko, uLungisa kunye noKhuseleko
"Akukho kunyanzeliswa" kwiSilamsi
UMuhammad wazivakalisa njengomthunywa kaThixo. Wafumana uMyalezo oNgcwele eluntwini waza wazama ukuwudlulisela kubo bonke abantu kodwa akazange anyanzelise nabani na ukuba awamkele. Wacengceleza iKurani eqinisekisa inkululeko yokukholelwa kunye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela kubo bonke abantu.
“Kwaye ukuba iNkosi yakho ibithandile, bonke abantu emhlabeni ngebakholwe (bonke) kunye. Ingaba ke (uMuhammad) uza kubanyanzela okanye ubanyanzele abantu de babe ngamakholwa? ”
Quran, 10:99
“Akukho sinyanzelo kwinkolo, inyaniso (indlela eyiyo) yahlukile kwimpazamo (indlela engeyiyo), kwaye nabani na olahla ububi kwaye akholelwe kuThixo ubambe esona sibambiso sithembekileyo esingaze sophule. Kwaye uThixo ukuva konke uKwazi konke ”.
Quran, 2:256
Ukuziphatha nokulingana kwazo zonke iintlanga
KwiSilamsi, bonke abantu bathathwa njengabalinganayo phantsi komthetho ngenxa yokuba ngamalungu oluntu. Ukuhlonela uThixo kunye nokugqwesa kokuziphatha kuphela kwemilinganiselo yokuphakama komntu emehlweni kaThixo. UMuhammad wayibeka ngala mazwi:
“INkosi yakho yinye. Lonke uluntu luphuma kuAdam yaye uAdam wenziwa ngothuli. UmArabhi akaphakami kunomntu ongengomArabhi yaye akanako nakuphi na ukongama kunomArabhi ngaphandle nje kokuhlonela uThixo (ubuthixo bukhuthaza izenzo ezilungileyo).”
(Musnad Ahmad 10/5586, 23972)
UMuhammad wakhuthaza ukukhulula amakhoboka kwaye wazisa imimiselo yamaSilamsi ukuphelisa ubukhoboka
Ubukhoboka bebukho ngaphambi kwexesha likaMuhammad. Enyanisweni, yayiyinxalenye yeenkqubo ezininzi zentlalo ehlabathini. Amakhoboka ayegqalwa njengempahla nenxalenye yobutyebi babantu. Ekubeni ubuSilamsi bukhusela ubutyebi nempahla yabantu, ubukhoboka bapheliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ngeentsuku zokuqala zobuSilamsi, ukuphatha kakubi nokuphatha kakubi ikhoboka kwakujongwa njengesono esasifuna inguquko kuThixo ngokukhulula ikhoboka likhululekile.2 Ukongezelela, ukuguquka kokwaphulwa kwemithetho emininzi yamaSilamsi kwakudinga ukukhulula amakhoboka okanye ukuthenga ikhoboka kumntu kunye nokumkhulula. Oku kwaqhubeka de ubukhoboka bapheliswa ngokupheleleyo.
UMuhammad wakhuthaza amakholwa ukuba awakhulule amakhoboka ngenxa kaThixo. Ngesinye isihlandlo, uMuhammad wabona umntu obizwa ngokuba ngu "Abu Mas'ud Al-Badri" ebetha kwaye ebetha ikhoboka lakhe. UMuhammad wathi kuye ngokuqinileyo:
Nifanele nazi ukuba uThixo unamandla ngakumbi kwaye unamandla phezu kwenu ngaphezu kwamandla enu phezu kweli khoboka. UAbu Mas’ud waphola waza wathi kuMuhammad ngolwimi oluxolisayo: “Ndiza kumkhulula ngenxa kaThixo.” UMuhammad wathi kuye: “Ukuba akuyenzi loo nto, isihogo somlilo siya kuchukumisa ubuso bakho.”3
(Sahih Muslim 5/91, 1659)
Ukhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabantu
Ethetha nabantu abangaphezu kwe-100,000, uMuhammad wathi kwintshumayelo yakhe yokugqibela:
“Owu bantu, amakholwa ngabazalwana. Akukho bani uya kuthabatha impahla yomzalwana wakhe ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Ngaba ndiwugqithisile uMyalezo? Owu Allah, Nkosi yam, yiba lingqina lam. Ningaze nibuye nibethana iintamo. Inene, Mna ndikushiye phakathi kwenu oko ukuba nikuthathile, anisayi kuze nilahleke emva kwam: iNcwadi ka-Allh nomzekelo wam. Ngaba ndiwugqithisile uMyalezo? Owu Allah Nkosi yam, yiba lingqina lam.”
(Al-Hakim, 1/93, 317. Al-Bayhaqi, 6/96, 11640)
Bonke abantu bema ngokulinganayo phambi komthetho
UMprofeti uMuhammad wazisa waza wafundisa abantu iShariah, oko kukuthi. UMthetho kaThixo olawula ubomi babantu nolawula iinkqubano zabo neentengiselwano. Uyibethelele into yokuba bonke abantu mabahloniphe umthetho kwaye aboni mabasohlwaywe nokuba banjani na ekuhlaleni. Xa umthetho usetyenziswa ngokusesikweni, bonke abantu banandipha ubulungisa nonqabiseko.
UMprofeti wayibeka yacaca into yokuba akukho mntu ungaphezulu komthetho kuquka nezizalwane zakhe. Umzekelo, ubusela nokukhuthuza luhlaselo lwezakhiwo zabantu kungakhathaliseki ukuba baluphi na uhlanga nentlalontle. UMuhammad wachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba uya kujezisa intombi yakhe ethandekayo uFatima ukuba ebeba nakubani na.4
gwebani ngobulungisa; ibali likaToma kunye neNdoda yamaYuda
Ngesinye isihlandlo, indoda yaseArabhi egama linguTo'mah Bin Ubayriq yeba ikhaka lentsimbi elaliyinxalenye yesikrweqe yaza yalifihla endlwini yomhlobo wakhe ongumYuda. UmYuda watyholwa ngokuba ikhaka lentsimbi kodwa wasikhanyela eso sityholo waza watyhola uTomah.
Njengoko umoni wayengekaziwa ngelo xesha, amaSilamsi amaninzi angama-Arabhu avelana noTo’mah aza azama ukuphembelela uluvo lukaMuhammad ukuba alijike ityala lendoda engumYuda kodwa ubulungisa bobuSilamsi boyisa. UToma wafunyaniswa enetyala yaza indoda engumYuda yafunyaniswa imsulwa. Kulo mxholo, ivesi yatyhilwa kwiQuran ingqina ubulungisa: (Al- Hakim, 4/385, 8256. Tirmithi, 5/128, 3036)
“Ngokuqinisekileyo thina siyithumele kuwe iNcwadi ngenyaniso ukuze ugwebe phakathi kwabantu ngokoko akubonisile uThixo (wakufundisa ubulungisa). Ngoko ke ungabacengi abo bangcatsha ukholo lwabo.
Quran, 4:105
Amalungelo neemfanelo zabasetyhini
U-Muhammad uphinde waqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abasetyhini kwidilesi yakhe yokuvalelisa. Uthe:
"O bantu, kuyinyani ukuba unamalungelo athile malunga nabasetyhini bakho kodwa banamalungelo ngaphezulu kwakho."
“Khumbulani ukuba nibathathe njengabafazi benu kuphela ngokuthenjwa nguThixo nangemvume yaKhe. Baphathe kakuhle abafazi bakho kwaye ube ngabantwana kubo kuba bangamaqabane akho kunye nabancedisi abazinikeleyo. ”
(Sahih A-Bukhari, 6/27. AmaSilamsi, 4/178, 1468)
Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo iinkedama
UMuhammad udlulise iMiyalelo kaThixo ngokunxulumene neenkedama. I-Quran iyalela amaSilamsi ukuba akhusele amalungelo eenkedama kwaye abaphathe ngobubele nangobulungisa.
“Ewe, abo batya ubutyebi beenkedama ngokungekho sikweni, batya umlilo eziswini zabo. Ngokuba baya kuvutha edangatyeni (batshise esihogweni).
Quran, 4:10
Muhammad wathi:
“Mna nomntu ogcina inkedama siya kuba kwiParadesi enje, sidibanisa isalathiso sakhe kunye neminwe ephakathi.” 5
(Sahih Al-Bukhari, 7/53, 5304)
Nikela iitrasti kwabo banelungelo kuzo
UMuhammad wacelwa ukuba akhokele kumthandazo womngcwabo womntu, kodwa waqala wabuza amaqabane akhe oku: “Ngaba lo mntu waboleka nayiphi na imali okanye unazo naziphi na izinto ezigciniweyo zabanye?” Bathi, "Ewe". Ke uMuhammad wabacela kuqala ukuba bazise iitrasti kwabo banelungelo kubo aze emva koko amthandazele.
“U-Allah uyakuyalela ukuba unikezele (ubuyisele) iitrasti (imisebenzi) kwabo banelungelo kubo, naxa ugweba phakathi kwabantu, ukugweba ngobulungisa. Kubaluleke kangakanani oko u-Allah akucebisayo (ukucebisa, ukukhumbuza); Ngokuqinisekileyo uThixo uvile, uyabona. ”
IKoran 4:58
Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo eendlalifa
Ngokomthetho wamaSilamsi, xa umntu esifa, awona malungu entsapho yakhe asondeleyo anelungelo lokufumana izahlulo ezimiselweyo zelifa (ubutyebi nepropathi yomntu oswelekileyo). ISilamsi asivumeli ukuba umntu abele kumyolelo ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu sobutyebi bakhe ngeenjongo zesisa okanye zomnikelo. Oku kukukhusela amalungelo abo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwelifa ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kwabo bonke.
UMuhammad watyelela omnye wabahlobo bakhe owachacha kukugula. Le ndoda yathi inobutyebi obuninzi kwaye inentombi enye kuphela njengendlalifa. Wabuza uMuhammad ukuba angashiya isibini kwisithathu sobutyebi bakhe njengesisa. UMuhammad wathi: “Hayi”. Indoda yabuza malunga nesiqingatha. UMuhammad wathi: “Hayi”. Indoda yabuza malunga nesinye kwisithathu? UMuhammad uthe: “Isinye kwisithathu (siyavuma) kwaye isinye kwisithathu kakhulu. Kubhetele ukushiya indlalifa yakho esisityebi kunokubashiya behlwempuzekile becela uncedo. ”
Akukho nzala kwi-Islam
UMuhammad uthe: “UThixo ukulele ukuba uthathe inzala, yiyo loo nto yonke inzala iza kurhoxiswa. Imali yakho eyinkunzi yeyakho ukuba uyigcine. Awuyi kubangela okanye ufumane ukungalingani. UAllah ugwebe ukuba akuyi kubakho nzala (inzala).
“Abo babiza inzala bakwindawo enye nabo balawulwa yimpembelelo kaMtyholi. Oku kungenxa yokuba bathi ukulobola kuyafana norhwebo. Noko ke, uThixo uyaluvumela urhwebo, yaye uyakwalela ukurhweba.”
Quran, 2:275
Ukubulala ngembeko nokuphalazwa kwegazi Akuvumelekanga
U-Muhammad wayiphelisa impindezelo yegazi (ukuziphindezela okanye ukuziphindezela) kunye ne-vendetta (ubundlobongela begazi okanye impikiswano). Kwidilesi yakhe yokuvalelisa wathi:
“Lonke ilungelo elivela ekubulaleni (ukubulala) kwiintsuku zangaphambi kobuSilamsi liyarhoxiswa kwaye elokuqala ilungelo endilirhoxisayo lelo elivela ekubulaweni kukaRabi'ah (isalamane sikaMuhammad)."
(Tirmithi, 5/167, 3087. Ibn-Majah, 4/243, 3055)
Ukubulala ngabom nokubulala ngempazamo
Ukubulala ngabom kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuziphindezela, umbulali kufuneka agwetywe.
Kodwa, nabani na obulala umntu ngempazamo kwaye abangele ukufa ngengozi kufuneka ahlawule imbuyekezo yosapho lomntu obuleweyo. Ngexesha likaMuhammad, uxolelo lwalulikhulu leenkamela. UMuhammad uxelele abantu bakhe ukuba nabani na ocela okungaphezulu kweli nani ngumntu wexesha lokungazi.
Ukulwa kwi-Islam
UMuhammad wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba bazimisele kwiintshaba zabo, bangathobeli okanye babe ndlongondlongo. Wayebandakanyeka ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwimimandla yedabi. U-Muhammad wabeka imithetho kunye neendlela zokuzibandakanya neentshaba emfazweni nokujongana namabanjwa emfazwe.
Wafundisa amaSilamsi ukuba angalwi nabantu kwaye angahlaseli okanye abulale abantwana okanye abafazi okanye abadala. Wabacela ukuba bangonakalisi indalo okanye bayonakalise imithi.
SUKUBULALA
abantu, abantwana,
abafazi kunye nabadala
SUKU UTSHABALALA
okusingqongileyo kunye
musa ukugawula imithi
Wayesoloko ebakhumbuza ukuba ukubandakanyeka kwabo edabini kufanele kube kumhlaba oqinisekileyo nangenxa yoThixo ongabathandiyo abanxaxhayo. Ivesi 190, iSahluko 2 seQuran sibeka umthetho osisiseko wokulwa neentshaba kunye nabahlaseli. Ichaza ngokucacileyo:
“Kwaye nilwe ngenxa ka-Allh abo banilwelayo ningagqithi imida. Inene uAllh Akabathandi abanxaxhayo.”
UMuhammad wakugqala ukuzibulala njengesono esikhulu
UMuhammad wayibeka ngala mazwi:
“Nabani na ozibulalayo ngentsimbi, uya kuvuswa ngomhla womgwebo ephethe kwaloo ntsimbi aze azibulale ngokuqhubekayo esihogweni somlilo ngonaphakade, yaye nabani na ozibulalayo ngetyhefu, uya kuvuswa kwangaloo mini inye aze abulawe ngokuqhubekayo esihogweni somlilo. uya kuvuka ephethe kwaloo tyhefu ayiginye ngokuqhubekayo esihogweni ngonaphakade, kwaye nabani na ozibulalayo ngokuziphosa kwindawo ephakamileyo efana nentaba, uya kwenza okufanayo esihogweni somlilo ngonaphakade. .” 6
Ubungcwele kunye nokunganyanzeki kobomi babantu
Ngenxa yokuba uThixo enguMdali wobomi yaye ekuphela komlawuli wabo, ubomi baso sonke isidalwa bungabakhe. UThixo uthi kwiQuran ngokunxulumene nesiganeko sokuqala sokubulala kwimbali xa uKayin, unyana ka-Adam, wabulala umntakwabo uAbheli:
Sabawisela umthetho oonyana bakaSirayeli, ukuba bonke abathe babulala umntu, bengabulalanga mntu, bengenzanga bububi emhlabeni, boba njengabaxabelayo abantu bonke, abawusindisileyo umphefumlo wabo. umntu, kuya kuba ngathi usindise ubomi balo lonke uluntu.”
Quran, 5:32
UMuhammad walugxeka ubundlobongela
U-Muhammad akazange asebenzise ubundlobongela njengesixhobo sokuhambisa umyalezo kaThixo okanye ukunyanzelisa inkolo kaThixo. Nangona wamisa ilizwe lamaSilamsi eMadinah, akazange asebenzise indawo encinci yamaSilamsi awayehlala eMakkah ukudala ingxaki okanye ukubulala iintshaba zakhe. Ngapha koko, wacela abalandeli bakhe ukuba bayihlonele intlalo yoluntu ababehlala kulo.
UMuhammad wafundisa amakholwa ukuba nanini na naphi na apho ubulali okanye ububele busetyenziswa kumbandela, kuya kongeza ixabiso kuwo kwaye kuya kuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukwafundise ukuba uburhabaxa kunye nokuziphatha okungacacanga kuya konakalisa yonke into.
Kubaliswa nguMuslim
IZIQULATHO
- uNelson Mandela (umongameli wokuqala woMzantsi Afrika wedemokhrasi) ungumzekelo omhle kumzabalazo wokulwa ucalucalulo nocalucalulo phakathi kwabantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo. UMzantsi Afrika ube lilizwe apho bonke abantu behlala kunye njengesizwe esinye esimanyeneyo kwiiyantlukwano zabo. Iimfundiso zeQuran ziqinisekisa ukuba uThixo wadala uluntu oluphuma kwizizwe nezizwe ezahlukeneyo ukuze bazane. Umntu omhlophe akanabo ubungangamsha kunomntu ongengomlungu ngaphandle nje kobuThixo (and vice versa). “Inene oyena uhloniphekileyo phakathi kwenu phambi koAllh ngoyena uzinikeleyo. Inene uAllh nguSolwazi, Unolwazi.” IKoran 49:13
- URiyadh al-Salihin (1603/4), (1605/6)
- Umprofeti uMuhammad wabonisa ukuba ngomhla woMgwebo, uThixo uya kuba lutshaba lwabo baqesha abasebenzi bangabahlawuli umvuzo wabo. Umprofeti u-Muhammad ugxininise ukuba umvuzo kufuneka uhlawulwe abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba ukubila kwabo kubomle. Umvuzo awunakulibaziseka kwaye kufuneka uhlawulwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokugqiba umsebenzi.
- Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomthetho wamaSilamsi nceda ubone: http://www.islamreligion.com/category/110/ http://www.islamhouse.com
- ISahih Al-Bukhari (34/8)
- ISahih Al-Bukhari (5778) kunye neSahih Muslim (109)
Ngoncedo lukaFarid Al-Ali.