3: U-Bomi Bakhe
Iinkcukacha Zakhe
| Igama | u-Muhammad |
|---|---|
| Igama likaTata wakhe | u-Abdullah, unyana ka-Abdul-Muttalib (ookhokho abo babuyela ku-Mprofeti u-Ishmael unyana ka-Mprofeti u-Abraham) |
| Ifani (Isiduko) | Wayevela kusapho lakwa-Bani-Hashim (u-Bani-Hashim wayevela e-Quraysh, isizwe esasiphakeme kakhulu e-Arabia) |
| Umhla wokuzalwa | Ngo-wama-570 CE(1)Ngokumalunga |
| Indawo yokuzalelwa | Isixeko saseMecca (Makkah) -iPeninsula yaseArabia (okwangoku ise-Saudi Arabia) |
| Umhla wokufa | Nge-6 ka-June, ngo-632 CE (Phantse, wayeneminyaka eyi-63 ukusweleka kwakhe) |
| Ukufa kunye nendawo yokungcwaba | Isixeko saseMadinah (malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-400 kumantla ase-Makkah) |
Ubuntwana kunye nobutsha
| Ukuzalwa - Kwi minyaka eyi-2 ubudala | UMuhammad wayengenabantakwabo okanye oodade. Uyise wasweleka engekazalwa.Unina wamkhupha eMakkah ukuba ayo kuncanciswa ngumongikazi ogama linguHalima (yayisisithethe esidala sama-Arabhu) |
|---|---|
| Kwi minyaka eyi-2-6 ubudala | Wahlala nomama wakhe u-Aminah de wasweleka ngonyaka ka 576 CE. |
| Kwi minyaka eyi-6-8 ubudala | Wahlala notatomkhulu wakhe u-Abdul-Muttalib de wasweleka. |
| Kwi minyaka eyi 8-25 ubudala | Wayehlala nomalume wakhe (u-Abu-Talib), owaye nabantwana abayi-10. |
Imfundo
u-Muhammad wayenga fundanga
Wayengakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Zange ake ayohlala ngaphandle kwaseMakkah okanye afune ulwazi lwangaphandle. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba uMuhammad akazange abhale okanye abengumbali we "Quran". Wayidlulisa (njengoMyalezo ka-Allah eluntwini) igama ngalinye ngaphandle kokuwatshintsha asebenzise awakhe.
Iintetho neemfundiso zikaMuhammad zazingaxutywanga neKurani
Zaye zaqokelelwa kwiincwadi ezibizwa ngokuba zi "Hadith okanye iSunnah yoMprofeti", ezi ziimfundiso zakhe, indlela yokuphila kunye nengcaciso yeNcwadi (iQuran).(2)
Ubomi bokuSebenza
| Ubuntwana - kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini | Wasebenza njengomalusi ixesha elithile (esalusa iigusha neebhokhwe kwabanye). Ukongeza, wayesebenza kurhwebo nomalume wakhe u-Abu-Talib. Ngokwengxelo eziyinyani, u-Muhammad wayeneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala uqala kwakhe, uhambo kunye nomalume wakhe u-Abu-Talib kuhambo lokurhweba eSyria. |
|---|---|
| Phakathi kumashumi amabini - iminyaka eyi-40 ubudala | Wayesebenza njengomrhwebi okanye ethengisela umfazi osisityebi obizwa ngokuba nguKhadijah, owayeneshishini eliqhelekileyo lokurhweba (babedla ngokuthenga izinto kwenye indawo bazithengise kwenye).Wayedume ngokunyaniseka, ngesidima kunye nokuthembeka. Akuzange kube kudala wafumana iwonga lokuba ngu "As-Sadiqul Ameen", elithetha ukuba "unyanisekile kwaye uthembekile". |
| Iminyaka engama-40-63 ubudala | Xa wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala (kunyaka ka-610 CE) uMuhammad wafumana isityhilelo esivela kuThixo kwaye wanikezela ngobomi bakhe ekuhambiseni uMyalezo kaThixo kubo bonke abantu. Wafundisa abantu ngobunye bukaThixo kwaye wahambisa incwadi kaThixo (iQuran), efuna ubulungisa kwezentlalo, uxolo, imvisiswano kunye nentlalontle. |
Ubume boMtshato
Utshate nomfazi omnye iminyaka eyi-25
UMuhammad watshata noKhadijah, intombi kaKhuwaylid, owayevela kusapho oluhloniphekileyo olubizwa ngokuba ngu-Asad.
Wayengumfazi ohloniphekileyo kwindawo ahlala kuyo kwaye wayengumhlolokazi. U-Muhammad wamsebenzela iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba (Khadijah) acele umtshato kuye ngomntu wesithathu. Wamfumana ethembekile, evulekile kwaye enesimilo.
Umtshato ophumelelayo
Nangona u-Khadijah wayeneminyaka eli-15 emdala kuno-Muhammad, bobabini babevela kwinqanaba elifanayo ngoko kuhlala.Umahluko weminyaka awuzange ube ngumqobo ekusekweni komtshato ophumelelayo, owahlala iminyaka eyi-25(3)wade wafa uKhadija ngonyaka ka-619 CE eneminyaka eyi-65 ubudala. UMuhammad waphinda watshata emva kokusweleka kukaKhadija. (Nceda uboneAbasetyhini kwi-Islam)
Indoda yosapho kunye notata wabantwana abayi-6
U-Muhammad no Khadijah baphila ngoxolo noxolo; Babenentombi ezine (uZaynab, Ruqayya, Um Kulthoum & Fatima) kunye noonyana ababini (Al-Qasim, owasweleka eneminyaka emithathu no-Abdullah, owasweleka eneminyaka emine). UMuhammad wayedla ngokuchitha ixesha nosapho, ancede umfazi wakhe kwimicimbi yendlu, ethunga iimpahla zakhe kwaye ajonge abantwana bakhe.
Kangangezihlandlo ezininzi wamchaza njengoyena mfazi ubalaseleyo ngexesha lakhe ngokufanayo kuMariam (uMariya) unina ka-Isa (uYesu), owayengoyena mfazi ubalaseleyo ngexesha lakhe.
Amangcwaba e-Al-Ma'ala eMakkah, apho uKhadija wangcwatyelwa khona.
Ifoto ithathwe kumangcwaba aseBaqee, akufuphi neMosque yoMprofeti uMuhammad eMadinah. Abanye bamaqabane kaMuhammad, izalamane, abafazi nabantwanabangcwatywe kula mangcwaba.
Umsebenzi ofezekiswe kwiminyaka eyi-23
Unyaka-610 CE
Isityhilelo esingokobuthixo saqalisa
UMuhammad wafumana isityhilelo sokuqala kuThixo kwaye wonyulwa njengoMthunywa kaThixo kubo bonke abantu. Umsebenzi ofuna inkolelo eqinileyo, ukuzinikela, ukuzibophelela kunye nokunyaniseka.
610 - 612 CE
Kwasekwa amaMuslim aphambili
U-Muhammad wamema abahlobo bakhe, abasondeleyo kuye, kunye nabantu abakhethiweyo ukuba bakholelwe kuThixo omnye kwaye bamkele i-Islam njengoMyalezo wakhe wokugqibela eluntwini. Kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala emva kwesiprofeto, malunga ne-130 yabantu bamkela i-Islam kwaye baba sisiseko esomeleleyo esikwaziyo ukusasaza i-Islam esidlangalaleni. La maMuslim angundoqo ayengumxube wabantu abazizityebi nabahluphekileyo.
613 - 615 CE
Isimemo sikaMuhammad esidlangalaleni sachaswa
U-Muhammad kunye nabalandeli bakhe baqala ukuthetha nabantu ngokukhululekileyo nge-Islam. Nangona uMuhammad wayesaziwa njengendoda ethembekileyo enyanisekileyo, iinkokheli zaseMecca zazingakholelwa kuye. Baye bamchaza njengembongi, umlingo kunye nendoda ephambeneyo.
UMuhammad wahendwa kwaye woyikiswa
Iinkokeli zaseMeccan zazama ukunqanda uMuhammad ekubeni amemele abantu kwi-Islam ngokumlinga ngelinye ixesha kwaye bemoyikisa ngelinye ixesha.Kwakhona, babezama ukuthintela abantu ukuba bangammameli. Babonakalisa ukwanda bokutshabalalisa kumaMuslim amatsha. Batshutshisa kwaye bathuthumbisa amaMuslim angamahlwempu kunye nababuthathaka.
UMuhammad wabaxhasa abalandeli bakhe waza wabathumela abanye babo eAbyssinia
UMuhammad wayesondele kakhulu kubalandeli bakhe. Wayehlala edibana nabo eAl-Arqam House eyayifana nekholeji encinci. Ubafundise amaxabiso nokuziphatha kwaye wafaka iimvakalelo zoxanduva kunye nokuzinikela. U-Muhammad wabona ukubandezeleka kunye nembandezelo abanye babalandeli bakhe benyamezela kwaye wabacebisa ukuba bafune indawo yokuhlala e-Abyssinia, eyichaza njengelizwe lesidima elilawulwa ngukumkani ongumKristu olungileyo, ekungekho mntu wayephathwa kakubi nguye.
Amadoda amabini anempembelelo amkela i-Islam
Amadoda amabini awomeleleyo ahlonitshwayo aseMecca amkela i-Islam, u-Omar Bin Al-Khattab kunye noHamza Bin Abdul-Muttalib (umalume kaMuhammad). Yayiyinto ebalulekileyo ukuguquka kwamaSilamsi. UHamza waba ngumxhasi onamandla kunye nomkhuseli kaMuhammad de wafa (uHamza) kwimfazwe yase-Uhud (625 CE). Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokusweleka kukaMprofeti uMuhammad, u-Omar waba nguMphathi wesibini kwaye walawula ilizwe lamaSilamsi iminyaka elishumi elinanye.
616 - 618 CE
UMuhammad wavalelwa ngaphandle
Iinkokheli zaseMecca zamnqanda u-Muhammad kunye nabalandeli bakhe kwaye zabanyanzela ukuba bathintele intlalo noqoqosho, kwabanjalo iminyaka emithathu. Ngeli xesha, uMuhammad kunye nabalandeli bakhe bafumana ubunzima obukhulu. Eli xesha yayiluvavanyo olunzima kunyamezelo lwabo, inkolelo kunye nokuzinikela kwabo enyanisweni.
619-620 CE
Unyaka olusizi
Iinkosi zaseMeccan zalurhoxisa umqobo wezentlalo nezoqoqosho njengoko zawufumanisa ungeloncedo. Kwangaloo nyaka, inkosikazi kaMuhammad uKhadijah kunye nomalume wakhe uAbu-Talib basweleka. UMuhammad walahlekelwa ithemba eMakka waza wagqiba ekubeni adlulisele uMyalezo kaThixo aze afune inkxaso ngaphandle kweMakkah. Waya kwisixeko saseTa'if kodwa wadibana nentiyo(4). Ukongeza, wathetha nezizwe ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini zama-Arabhu malunga neSilamsi kodwa akazange afumane mpendulo ilungileyo.
620 - 622 CE
Umbono wethemba
UMuhammad wadibana nabantu abathandathu baseYathrib (isixeko esikumgama oyi-400 km kumantla eMakkah) ngexesha lokundwendwela kwaye wathetha nabo nge-Islam. Bakholelwa kuMuhammad babuyela esixekweni sabo ngeenjongo zokumema abantu abaninzi kwisizwe sabo nakwezinye izizwe zaseYathrib. Bavumile ukubuyela eMakkah kunyaka olandelayo ngexesha lokundwendwela ukuya kudibana kwakhona noMuhammad "uMprofeti noMthunywa kaThixo".
AmaMuslim amatsha enza isibhambathiso sokuthembeka kuMuhammad
Kwaelo qela labuya kunyaka olandelayo (ngowama-621 CE) nabantu abangakumbi abathandathu. Benza isifungo sokuthembeka kwabo kuMuhammad (ukumamkela njengoMthunywa kaThixo).Bamthembisa:
- banganquli mntu ngaphandle koAllah
- ukungebi
- angakrexezi
- angabulali
- hayi ukunyelisa abamelwane kunye
- ukungamthobeli uMthunywa kaThixo.
Iqela labuyela eYathrib kwaye lamema iinkokheli zabo zesizwe kunye nabantu babo ukuba bamkele i-Islam. Babuya kwakhona kunyaka olandelayo (ngo-622 CE) ngexesha lokundwendwela kunye nabangaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe amadoda nabafazi ababini. Isibambiso esifanayo sokunyaniseka sanikwa leli qela kuMprofeti uMuhammad.Uluntu olutsha lwamaMuslim lwakha i-400 km kumantla eMakkah: Iinkokheli zezizwe ezibini eziphambili e-Yathrib (Aws & Khazraj) zamkela i-Islam emva koko abantu bazo baba ngamaMuslim. U-Muhammad uMprofeti kaThixo wamenywa ukuba eze eYathrib kwaye abe ngumlawuli nenkokeli yawo.
I-Aqaba okanye i-Al-Bay'aa “iSithembiso” seMosque(5)
Ngowama-622 CE
Iinkosi zaseMakka zenza iyelenqe lokubulala uMuhammad; Ukufudukela eYathrib kuqalile
Izinto zazisiya zibambi eMakkah. UMuhammad wabuza amaMuslim aseMecca(6)ukufudukela eYathrib. Emva kokufuduka kwabo, uMuhammad wafudukela eYathrib ngoSeptember 622 CE(7). Ukufuduka kwakhe kwakumela eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali yamaMuslim. Ukusuka eYathrib, i-Islam yatyatyamba, kwasekwa ilizwe lamaMuslim kwaza kwazalwa nocwangco olunobulungisa.
Ngama-623-624 CE
UMuhammad umlawuli waseYathrib
UMuhammad, “uMthunywa kaThixo” waba ngumlawuli waseYathrib ngokuzithandela nangoxolo ngesivumelwano sesininzi sabantu. Abantu baseYathrib babeyingxubevange yama-Arabhu namaYuda. Nangona kwakukho izizwe ezibini eziphambili zama-Arabhu kunye nezizwe ezintathu ezincinci zamaYuda, i-Arabia yayinkulu kuneyamaYuda.
UMuhammad walitshintsha igama elithi Yathrib uluntu lweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo
"I-Madinah" ligama elitsha uMuhammad alithiya ngedolophu yaseYathrib.Emva kokufuduka kwamaMuslim aseMeccan, uYathrib wayengasekho kwiqela elithile lama-Arabhu, endaweni yoko, laba lilizwe lamakholwa amkela i-Islam.Kuba zazikho izizwe zama Yathrib kunye nabanye abantu base Arab abangazange bayamkele i-Islam, uMuhammad khange ayibize ngokuba sisixeko sama-Islam. Endaweni yoko, kwathiwa igama elithi "Al-Madinah" elithetha "IsiXeko", apho bonke abemi babenamalungelo afanayo okuba ngabemi.
UMuhammad wacela uxolo nomanyano eMadinah
Kwintetho yakhe yokuqala eya esidlangalaleni kubantu baseMadina, uMuhammad wenza intetho emfutshane eyayikhuthaza imvisiswano kunye nobumbano lwentlalo. Uthe:
"O Bantu, funani kwaye nisasaze uxolo kwaye ninikele ngokutya omnye komnye, jonga ubudlelwane bakho kwaye uthandaze kuThixo ebusuku ngelixa abanye belele ukuze ufumane ulonwabo lukaThixo kwaye ungene eParadesi yakhe". (Ibn Majah, 4331) kunye (Tirmidhi, 5842)
Umprofeti uMuhammad ukhuthaze abantu ukuba bahloniphane kwaye bathandane ukuze bahlale ngoxolo kunye nemvisiswano kuluntu oluneenkcubeko ezininzi.
623 - 624 CE
UMuhammad wasayina isivumelwano sokuqala namaYuda eMadina esasikhusela amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko
Uninzi lwamaJuda lwalunethemba lokuba uMprofeti wokugqibela uza kuvela kwimvelaphi yobuJuda. Nangona uninzi lwamaJuda lungazange lwamamkele uMuhammad njengoMthunywa kaThixo, uMuhammad (njengomlawuli welizwe) wasayina isivumelwano nabo esasifana "noMgaqo-siseko noMgaqo-siseko wamaLungelo oLuntu noKhuseleko" apho zonke izizwe zama-Arabhu namaJuda kwavunyelwana.Isivumelwano siqinisekisa inkululeko yonqulo yamaMuslim kunye namaJuda kunye neeArabhu ezingayamkeliyo inkolo yobuMuslim. Ukongeza, isivumelwano sikhusele bonke abemi baseMadinah saza safuna ukuba onke amaqela abe yinxalenye yokhuselo lwesizwe ukuba iMadinah ihlaselwe ziintshaba. Isivumelwano sachaza ubulungisa, amalungelo oluntu, inkululeko kunye nokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuziphatha okubi.## Ngowama-624 CE
Idabi elingenakuthintelwa laseBadr
Xa amaMuslim afuduka eMakkah esiya eMadina, uninzi lwabo lwanyanzelwa ukuba lushiye amakhaya abo kwaye neempahla zabo zathathwa.Iinkosi zaseMakkah zisebenzise imali ethathiweyo kurhwebo nakwishishini. AmaMuslim ayesazi ngenqwelana yezorhwebo eyinkosi yaseMeccan, eyayikhokelwa lutshaba lwabo u-Abu-Sufyan, eyayiza kudlula kwindlela yorhwebo kufutshane naseMadinah.UMuhammad wacela amaMuslim ukuba athathe ikharavani ukubuyisa ubutyebi babo obathinjwa eMakkah. Amandla amaMuslim angama-313 kuphela awathatha lo msebenzi. Ubukrelekrele baseMeccan bucebise u-Abu-Sufyan ukuba atshintshe indlela yezorhwebo. Ukongeza, iMakkah yathumela umkhosi wamajoni angama-950 ukuya kulwa nomkhosi wamaMuslim, owawungakulungelanga ukulwa kwaye wawungaxhobanga kangako kunombutho waseMeccan.
Kwakumangalisa kwaye kungaphaya kokulindela ukuba amaMuslim aphumelele umlo wabo wokuqala ngokuchasene neenkosi zaseMeccan. Uninzi lweenkosi zaseMeccan kunye nabantu ababalulekileyo babulawa kweli dabi.
Ngowama-625 CE
Iinkosi zaseMeccan zahlasela uMuhammad kunye nabalandeli bakhe kwidabi lase-Uhud
Ukuziphindezela ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwabo kwidabi lase-Badr kunye noloyiko lwabo lokuphulukana nendima yabo ephambili e-Arabia, iinkosi zaseMeccan namahlakani athile angama-Arabhu, zathumela umkhosi wamajoni angama-3000 ukuba uhlasele amaMuslim kwintaba yase-Uhud kumntla weMadina.
AmaMuslim oyiswa kweli dabi waza uMuhammad wenzakala kodwa wasindiswa. Kwidabi lika-Uhud amanye amahlakani kaMuhammad abulawa kuquka umalume wakhe amthandayo uHamza.
Indawo yase-Uhud-Madinah-Saudi Arabia
Abafel 'ukholo lwe-Uhud Battle, amangcwaba ase-Uhud-Madinah-Saudi Arabia
Ngowama-626 CE
AmaMecca nezinye izizwe zamhlasela uMuhammad kunye nabalandeli bakhe kwidabi lomsele
Eli dabi likwabizwa ngokuba yi "Idabi le-Confederates". Ukusukela ukuba uMuhammad akazange abulawe kwidabi langaphambili, iinkosi zaseMeccan kunye nezinye izizwe zama-Arabhu nezamaJuda zacela umzamo omanyeneyo kunye nohlaselo olubanzi lokubulala uMuhammad kunye nokutshabalalisa amaMuslim.Umkhosi wamajoni angama-10,000 wamatsha ukuya eMadina. Emva kokubonisana namaqabane akhe, uMuhammad wagqiba ekubeni amkele isindululo se-Muslim lasePersia ogama linguSalman sokumba umsele ekungeneni emantla eMadina (5.5 km ubude X 4.6 m ububanzi).AmaMuslim ayekwimeko yawo engaginyisi mathe kwaye azama konke okusemandleni kubandakanya imfazwe yengqondo ukuzikhusela. Emva kwenyanga irhangqe umkhosi waseMeccan kunye nabalingane bawo baphelelwa ngumonde kwaye beza nomoya ovuthuzayo kwaye kuvuthuza umoya, onyanzelisa abadibaniselwano ukuba bapakishe iintente zabo kwaye barhoxe.
Ngowama-627 CE
ISivumelwano saseHudaybiya, isivumelwano seminyaka eli-10
Kunyaka omnye emva kwedabi lomsele, uMuhammad wathatha inyathelo loxolo lokuqhuba i-Umrah (ndwendwela i-Sacred Mosque eMakkah kwaye wenze ezinye izithethe zonqulo). Ukutyelela iMakkah ngenjongo yokunqula kwakuyilungelo lenkolo elenziwa nguMakka ukunika bonke abantu baseArabhiya.Kwamangalisa kakhulu iinkosi zaseMeccan ukubona uMuhammad esondela eMakkah enabemi abali-1400 ababevela eMadinah.Emva kothethathethwano oluninzi, kwenziwa isivumelwano phakathi kweenkosi zaseMeccan kunye noMuhammad kangangeminyaka eli-10 ngelo xesha uMuhammad noogxa bakhe babuyela emakhaya benemeko yokuphinda babuyele eMakkah kunyaka olandelayo (628 CE). Ingxoxo yayineminye imigaqo emininzi eyayidanisa amaMuslim kuba ayenzima kakhulu kwicala laseMeccan.
Ngama-629 CE
Ngexesha loxolo, uMuhammad wadlulisela uMyalezo kaThixo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweArabhia
Ingxoxo yayilithuba legolide lokuba uMuhammad athethe ngokukhululekileyo nabantu malunga ne-Islam ngaphandle kokumiswa okanye ukuthintelwa yenye imikhosi.UMuhammad wathumela abathunywa kwezinye izizwe zama-Arabhu eArabhiya kwaye wabhala iileta eziya kubalawuli nookumkani bamazwe angabamelwane kunye namagunya amakhulu anjengePersia, iByzantine kunye ne-Egypt ebamema ukuba bamkele i-Islam njengo "Myalezo kaThixo". AmaMuslim anda ngamanani njengoko abantu babefumana inyaniso kwi-Islam.
Ngowama-630 CE
Ukuthinjwa ngoxolo kweMakkah
Kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini, isivumelwano saqhekeka kwicala laseMeccan xa amahlakani abo abulala amaMuslim angamashumi amabini.Ekuphenduleni kwesi senzo sothusayo, uMuhammad wamatsha kunye namaMuslim ayi-10 000 ukuya koyisa iMakkah kodwa wacela amajoni akhe ukuba angalwi namnye ngaphandle kokuba ayalwa.(7)
Iinkosi zaseMeccan zazineentloni kwaye zazinga kulungelanga ukulwa namaMuslim. Ukufika komkhosi wamaMuslim eMakkah, uMuhammad wathetha nabantu bonke baseMakka eqinisekisa ubunye bukaThixo, ebhekisa kuloyiso kuye kwaye ekhumbuza abantu ukuba bonke bayinzala ka-Adam no-Adam badalwa ngothuli lomhlaba.
Emva koko wabuza abantu baseMakkah: “Nicinga ukuba ndenze ntoni ngani? Baphendula bathi: “Sinethemba lokufumana okona kulungileyo. Ngapha koko, ubungumzalwana onobubele nomzala onembeko ”.
Umzekelo wokuxolela
Nangona ubunzima obubangelwa ngabantu baseMeccan kwiminyaka eyi-21 yangaphambili, uMuhammad wayeziphatha ngokuziphatha okuphezulu. Waphendula wathi:
Musani ukoyika namhla. Hambani ngoko (niye emakhayeni enu), nikhululekile”. (Sunan Al-Bayhaqi, 9/118, 18342, 18343)
Intetho kaMuhammad yayinempembelelo enkulu kwaye abantu abaninzi beza kuye bezokwenza isibhambathiso kwaye bamkele i-Islam.
630 - 631 CE
Izizwe zama-Arabhu zamkela i-Islam
Emva kokuthatha uxolo eMakka, abathunywa abavela kulo lonke elaseArabhiya beza kufunda nge-Islam. Ngaphandle kwesizwe saseHawazen, esasilwa namaSilamsi kwaye ekugqibeleni saphulukana nedabi laseHunayn, uninzi lwezizwe zama-Arabhu zamkela i-Islam. U-Muhammad wathumela uninzi lwabahlobo bakhe kumaphondo ahlukeneyo e-Arabia ukuya kufundisa abantu ubu-Islam "Umyalezo kaThixo".
Xa uMprofeti uMuhammad ebuyela eMakkah, injongo yakhe ephambili yayikukuhlambulula iMosque eNgcwele. Wazidiliza zonke izithixo ezazinqulwa ngama-Arabhu waza wayibuyisela iKaabah njengeNdlu ka-Allah, uThixo Omnye.## Ngo-632 CE
Intetho yokuvalelisa kaMuhammad
Umsebenzi kaMuhammad wafezeka kwaye ubomi bakhe babusondele esiphelweni. Ngonyaka ka-632 CE uMuhammad wenza uhambo lokundwendwela kwaye wanika intshumayelo yakhe yokugqibela kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-100,000.Intshumayelo yakhe yayikhumbuza abantu malunga nokukholelwa kuThixo omnye, ubungcwele bobomi, ukukhuselwa kobutyebi kunye nepropathi, ukulingana kwazo zonke iintlanga, imigaqo yezobulungisa, amalungelo abasetyhini kunye nokuziphatha.
Ukusweleka kukaMuhammad ﷺ
UMprofeti uMuhammad wasweleka kwikhaya lakhe eMadinah ngonyaka wama-632 CE eshiya izinto ezimbalwa. Akazange ashiye nayiphi na imali okanye ubutyebi kodwa ilifa lokholo kuThixo elisakhanyisela iintliziyo zezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke.
Iintaba eMakkah
Umbono womoya weMosque eNgcwele, eMakkah
Umbono wePanoramic wentaba yokuKhanya apho umqolomba uHira ukhona - iMakkah
Imbonakalo yasemoyeni yaseMakkah, eSaudi Arabia. Ukubonisa iMosque eNgcwele (Al-Masjid Al-Haram).Ngenkxaso yomfoti oyingcali uSuzan Eskander
I-Al-Noor Mount, apho uMuhammad wafumana isityhilelo sokuqala esivela kuThixo uMakkah
Umqolomba weHira kwiNtaba ye-An-Noor. u-Mprofeti u-Muhammad wayedla ngokucamngca kwaye anqule uThixo apho. Ngamanye amaxesha, wayekuthanda ukucamngca eyedwa
Umqolomba waseThawr, apho uMuhammad neqabane lakhe u-Abu Bakr bazifihla khona intsuku ezinthathu ekuqaleni kokufudukela kwabo eMadina.
i-Qubaa Mosque; i-mosque yokuqala kwi-Islam, i-8 km ezantsi kwe-Nabawi Mosque Madinah.
Umbono ophezulu wedolophu yase-Badr
Indawo apho umkhosi waseMeccan wamisa iintente eBadr
Indawo yeDabi laseBadr, indawo apho uMuhammad kunye namaqabane akhe bamisa inkampu
Indawo yeDabi laseBadr
i-Panaromic view, yeNtaba yaseUhud
Indawo yeDabi lase-Uhud. Ifoto ibonisa intaba yokutoli kunye nengcwaba labafeli-nkolo. Ngaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe amaqabane kaMuhammad kunye nomalume wakhe amthandayo uHamza bangcwatywe apho.
Umbono oqikelelwayo wesixeko saseMadina ubonisa i-Mosque yoMprofeti uMuhammad (I-Nabawi Mosque) ejikelezwe zizindlu kunye nemithi yesundu.(Ngoncedo lwe: Madinah Research and Studies Centre, Saudi Arabia)
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-Mosque yo-Mprofeti
Phakathi kwabaProfeti bakaThixo abaziwayo, uMuhammad nguye kuphela umProfeti indawo yakhe yokungcwatywa ichazwe ngokuchanekileyo kwayeabalandeli bakhe baqinisekile ngendawo elikuyo ingcwaba lakhe.
UMuhammad wangcwatyelwa endlwini yakhe, edityaniswe nemosque yakhe "Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi" eMadinah. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa icala lesakhiwo se-Mosque apho abantu banokungena khona ukuze babone ingcwaba loMprofeti uMuhammad kunye nendlu yakhe evalelweyo ngoku.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba uMprofeti wangcwatyelwa endlwini yakhe kungekhona kwi-mosque. Xa i-mosque yandiswa ngu-Al-Waleed Bin Abdul-Malik, indlu yoMprofeti yaba yinxalenye yesakhiwo esitsha se-mosque.
Ingcwaba loMprofeti uMuhammad kwiMosque yakhe "Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi" eMadinah (okokuqala ngasekhohlo). Ecaleni kwayo kukho amangcwaba eCaliph yokuqala (indlalifa) kunye nomlawuli welizwe lamaMuslim u-Abu Bakr Al Siddiq kunye nowesibini uCaliph Omar Bin Al-Khattab.
I-Mosque yomprofeti (i-Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi Al-Sharif)Ngenkxaso yoMfoti uNoushad Ali
Imibhalo yokugqibela
- Uninzi lweengxelo ziqinisekisile ukuba uMprofeti uMuhammad wazalwa ngaloo nyaka owawubizwa ngokuba ngu "Unyaka weNdlovu". Lo ngunyaka apho uAbraha wasusa umkhosi eYemen ukuya kutshabalalisa iKaabah. Wasebenzisa iindlovu kwiphulo lakhe. Nceda uqaphele ukuba umhla wokuzalwa koMprofeti uMuhammad awuqinisekiswanga kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba wazalwa ngoMvulo. Ngokwezibalo ezithile, uMuhammad wazalwa ngonyaka wama-570 okanye ngo-571 CE. Kwelinye icala, kuqinisekisiwe ukuba wasweleka ngomhla we-12 wenyanga yenyanga kaRabi' Al-Awal, ngo-631 CE.
- Inye kuphela iKurani eyatyhilwa kuMuhammad ngesiArabhu santlandlolo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zeentsingiselo zeendinyana kwiQuran. Iindinyana ezicatshulweyo kwesi sikhokelo sepokotho yeQuran zinikezelwe ngesiNgesi esilula ngokusekwe kwinguqulelo yesiNgesi ekhankanywe kwiimbekiselo ezikhankanyiweyo.
- Ezinye iingxelo zithi umtshato kaMuhammad noKhadijah wathabatha iminyaka engama-24 kunye neenyanga ezininzi.
- UMuhammad wahlaselwa eTai'f kwaye wafumana impatho embi kakhulu apho. Wathi akuhamba eTai'f wadana kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, wabiza uThixo ngesikhungo esimangalisayo
- I-Aqaba okanye i-Al-Bay'aa Mosque (i-Mosque yeSithembiso): yasekwa nguCaliph wase-Abbasside u-Abbasside u-Abu Jaafar Al Manssour kwindawo enye ekukholelwa ukuba amaSilamsi amatsha aseMadina azibophelele kuMprofeti uMuhammad njengoko besamkela i-Islam.
- Uluntu oluncinane lwamaMuslim lwahlala eMakkah kwaye lwalungakwazi ukufudukela eYathrib (Madinah).
- Ikhalenda yamaMuslim iqala ngomhla wemka uMuhammad esuka eMakkah waya eMadina (13th Sep 622 CE malunga). Ukuthinjwa kweMakkah ngoxolo kwakungomhla we-8 kaJanuwari ka-630 malunga ne-CE.
Ukwenza isiphoso kubuntu, ukuxolela bubuThixo Alexander Pope
Owu Nkosi yam, kukuWe apho ndizisa ubuthathaka bam, ukungakwazi ukunceda kunye nokuthotywa. Owu Sozinceba wabanenceba, UnguMxhasi wabo babonwa bebuthathaka kwaye Wena unguMxhasi wam. Ndiya kuthembela kubani (ngaphandle kwakho)? Kumntu okude ondijonga ngokucaphuka okanye kutshaba (utshaba) endizinikele kulo. Ukuba ungandiqumbelanga, andinasizathu sakukhala. Ndisabela ekukhanyeni kwakho apho ubumnyama bukhanyisa kwaye eli hlabathi kunye nelandelayo zilungiswa. Impilontle ondinike yona ingaphezu kwamandla akho ukuba ungawuthululela kum umsindo wakho okanye ukucaphuka kwakho. Ndiyakuhlala ndibuyela kuwe ndide ndizuze inceba yakho.(4)