4.2: Ubu-Profeti - Umyalezo We-Islam

Islam ngamazwi alula

Ngoncedo luka-Abdul Aziz Al Rashidi

Igama elithi “Islam” lithetha ukuzithoba nokuzinikela kuThixo omnye. Lunqulo lokukholelwa kuThixo omnye apho abo babambelele kwi-Islam bekholelwa ukuba uThixo mnye kwaye akanakuthelekiswa nanto. Akanamaqabane okanye oonyana. Akazalanga kwaye akazalwanga (akazali akazalwa). Wadala indalo iphela nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Akukho bani wabelana naye ngobuThixo Bakhe kwaye akukho bani unelungelo lokunqulwa okanye lokuthandazwa kuye ngaphandle kwaKhe yedwa.

Ngubani igama likaThixo?

Igama lakhe ngu "Allah". Libizwa ngokuba ngu-Allah ngesikhamiso eside "a". Kwakhona,

UThixo unamagama neempawu ezintle ezininzi. Ezinye zezi mpawu zikhankanyiwe kwiTestamente eNdala. Umzekelo, igama elithi Quddous ngesiArabhu liyafana negama elithi Qadosh okanye Hakkadosh ngesiHebhere, elithetha "OyiNgcwele".

Igama elithi Ahad ngesiArabhu liyafana negama elithi Echad ngesiHebhere, elithetha “Oyena-yena”. Kwi-Islam, uThixo udla ngokuchazwa “njengoyena Onobabalo, Lowo Onenceba”.

IsiNgesi	IsiArabhu	IsiHebhere	IsiAramiki
u-Thixo	U-Elah	u-Eloha	u-Elaha

Phawula:KwiBhayibhile yesiArabhu, igama elithi Allah lidla ngokukhankanywa lithetha uThixo. Kwi-Islam kukho "amagama amahle" angama-99 avunyiweyo kunye neempawu zikaThixo.> “NguAllah ekungekho thixo wumbi ngaphandle Kwakhe: nguMazi wezinto ezingabonwayo nezibonwayo; u-nobubele, unenceba. UnguAllah, ekungekho thixo wumbi ngaphandle Kwakhe; uKumkani, uNgcwele, uMmeli woXolo, uMniki woKhuseleko, umgcini wabo bonke, uSomandla, ophezu konke, uMnini-bungangamsha. Udumo malube kuAllah koko bakuhlanganisayo (naYe)! UnguAllah; uMdali, uMenzi, uMyili: Ngawakhe awona magama mahle. Konke okusemazulwini nasehlabathini kuyamdumisa; kwaye Yena nguSomandla, uSobulumko”.

Quran 59: 22-24

UMuhammad kunye ne-Islam

Xa indoda yacela uMuhammad ukuba achaze i-Islam ngamazwi alula ukuze angafuni ncaciso yimbi komnye umntu, uMuhammad ngokufutshane wathi:

“Yithi, Mna ndiyakholwa kuAllah (uThixo omnye) uze ke uqine. (oko kukuthi, qina kwihambo yakho kwaye ungaphambuki kwindlela ethe tye).

Ukwamkela ukholo lwamaMuslim kufuna ukulandela indlela yokuphila elungeleleneyo ngaphandle kokuphambukela kwi-extremism ngamazwi okanye izenzo.

Islam kunye noxolo

Ngokolwimi igama elithi "Islam" ngesiArabhu livela kwingcambu yegama elithi "salama", elithetha ukukhululeka kwingozi kwaye linxulumene negama elithi Salaam, elithetha uxolo. Kwi-Islam, “uXolo” lelinye lamagama abalaseleyo kunye neempawu zikaThixo (Allah). Lowo uzithoba ku-Allah kufuneka afumane uxolo lwangaphakathi kuye ngokwakhe kwaye kufuneka abe seluxolweni kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nabantu.

UMprofeti uMuhammad umchaze umntu oli-Muslim “njengalowo abanye abantu bakhuselekileyo kubungozi obuphuma kulwimi nasezandleni zakhe”, oko kukuthi, abantu kufuneka bangafumani monakalo kwizenzo nakumazwi akhe.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuba kwibutho lamaMuslim, abantu babulisa ngegama elithi “Assalamu Alaykum” elithetha “uxolo malube phezu kwenu” endaweni yamagama athi “Molo”. Inguqulelo epheleleyo yale nkcazo ithi “uxolo malube nani kunye nenceba neentsikelelo zika-Allah”. Kuya kufuneka uphendule lo mbuliso ngesibhengezo soxolo "wa alaykum assalaam" "uxolo malube nani ngokunjalo".

AmaMuslim okanye ooMuhammadans?

Ngokungafaniyo nabalandeli bezinye iinkolo, abalandeli bakaMuhammad ababizwa ngokuba ngamaMuhammad. Umntu obambelele kwi-Islam okanye lowo uyamkela njengokholo nendlela yokuphila ubizwa ngokuba li “Muslim” oko kukuthi lowo ukholelwa kuThixo omnye waza wazithoba kuYe.

Inkolelo ezintandathu ze-Islam

Ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye, kwiiNgelosi zaKhe, kwiiNcwadi zaKhe, abaThunywa baKhe kunye nokukholelwa kwiMini yoMgwebo kunye nokukholelwa kwiMimiselo eNgcwele kaThixo.

Iintsika ze-Islam, ukuphila inkolo ye-Islam

Inkolo yamaMuslim isekwe kwiintsika ezintlanu ekufuneka zenziwe ngama-Muslim.

1	i-Shahada	Ethetha (ethetha ngomlomo) inkolelo yamaMuslim (akukho Thixo ngaphandle kuka-Allah kwaye uMuhammad nguMthunywa ka-Allah)
2	i-Salah	Ukwenza imithandazo emiselweyo yemihla ngemihla
3	i-Siyam	Ukuzila ukutya kwenyanga yeRamadan
4	i-Zakat	Ukuhlawula amalizo njengesisa kanye ngonyaka
5	i-Hajj	Ukuhambela kwi-Mosque eNgcwele (kwiNdlu kaThixo) eMakka kanye ngexesha lokuphila kwabo banakho ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwezezimali

Iintsika ze-Islam

1-Ukuvakalisa iNkolo yamaMuslim, iShahada

Oku kukuvuma ukuba mnye kuphela uThixo owadala zonke izidalwa. Igama lakhe nguAllah.

Umntu kuthiwa uli-Muslim xa ekholelwa entliziyweni aze athethe (evuma ngomlomo) ingxelo yeShahada ethi "akukho thixo ngaphandle kuka-Allah kwaye uMuhammad nguMthunywa ka-Allah." (NgesiArabhu ibhalwe ngelithi: Ash'hado an la Ilaha illa Allah, Wa Ash'hado anna Muhammadan rasoolo'Allah.)Ukumamkela uMuhammad njengoMprofeti noMthunywa kaThixo kufuna ukwamkelwa ngabo bonke abaProfeti nabathunyiweyo nguThixo ngaphambi kwakhe.

I-2 - Imithandazo yemihla ngemihla emiselweyo, iSalahUmthandazo (iSalah) kwi-Islam sisenzo sonqulo esenza ukuba umntu anxibelelane nomdali wakhe kwaye asondele kuye. Kukho imithandazo emihlanu emiselweyo yemihla ngemihla kwi-Islam, ehanjiswa kumjikelo wosuku lonke. Undoqo wonqulo kukuzukisa, ukuphakamisa nokudumisa uThixo ngentliziyo, ngolwimi nangomzimba.

“Kwaye xa izicaka Zam zikubuza ngam, [Muhammad], inene ndikufuphi. Ndiyasabela kwisicelo somfaki-sicelo xa sicela kuM. Ngoko ke mabaphendule kuM baze bakholwe kuM ukuze bakhokeleke” I-Kuran 2:186

Enyanisweni, igama elithi 'salah' lithetha 'uqhagamshelwano olushushu'. Yimbonakaliso ebonakalayo yokholo. Umthandazo ngamnye ubandakanya iintshukumo zomzimba zokuqubuda nokuzithoba ku-Allah. Umthandazo ubonisa ngokuthe ngcembe amanqanaba okuzinikela ku-Allah. Kufuna ukugxila ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuzahlula kwimicimbi yehlabathi. Umprofeti uMuhammad wathi: "Umntu usondele ku-Allah ngexesha lokuqubuda."

Ukuthandaza izihlandlo ezihlanu ngemini kusenokubonakala kubaxekile kwabanye abantu. Enyanisweni, luhlobo lokucamngca olungathathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amane ngosuku. Njengokuba sisitya izihlandlo ezithathu okanye ezine ngosuku yaye asize sikhalaze kuba sifuna ukondliwa ngokwasenyameni ukuze siphile, sikwafuna ukondliwa kokomoya komphefumlo wethu. I-salah ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo imini yonke isinika ukutya komoya okunjalo.

I-3 - iZakat, ukuNika amalizoIZakat yintsika ebalulekileyo yamaMuslim. Kuthetha ukunika amalizo (ukuhlawula isisa) kanye ngonyaka kumahlwempu, abasweleyo kunye nabanye abaxhamli abafanelekileyo njengoko kumiselwe yiQuran. Kuxelwe nge-(2.5%) yobutyebi bomntu obugqithileyo.

IZakat ihlambulula intliziyo yomntu ekunyolukeni kwaye isusa inzondo nomona kwiintliziyo zamahlwempu. Ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwentlalo kunye nentsebenziswano, uvelwano kunye nentlonipho. Iphakamisa impilo-ntle yoluntu lonke kwaye ifezekise ubulungisa kwezentlalo.

I-4 - Ukuzila ngenyanga ye-RamadanAmaMuslim kufuneka azile ukutya yonke inyanga yeRamadan (iintsuku eziyi-29 okanye eziyi-30), ukususela ekuzeni kusa ukuya kutsho ekutshoneni kwelanga. Ngexesha lokuzila ukutya, amaMuslim kufuneka ayeke ukutya, ukusela kunye nokunxibelelana ngokwesondo ngelixa esenza ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ukuzila ukutya ngenxa ka-Allah kunceda ekwamkeleni ukuba isixhaso (esinokuthi sithatyathwe njengento eqhelekileyo) eneneni sivela ngqo kuAllah.Xa abantu besiva inimba, baba namava okubandezeleka kwabantu abasweleyo ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla apho abantu babhuqwa yindlala okanye baswele ukutya okusisiseko. Izityebi ziya kutyekela ngakumbi ekunikeleni izipho xa bezila ukutya. Oku kwakha ubudlelwane phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu kwaye kunceda ukwakha imvisiswano eluntwini.

Ukuzila ukutya kwenza ukuba ubani athintele iminqweno yangaphakathi, afunde ukuzeyisa kwaye ngenxa yoko azuze ukukhula kokomoya okungcono. Ukuzila ukutya kuneenzuzo ezininzi zempilo kwaye oogqirha bayakucebisa ekunyangeni izifo ezithile.

Iinyanga Ze-Lunar

1	i-Muharram
2	i-Safar
3	i-Rabi' Al-Awal
4	i-Rabi' Al-Akharah
5	i-Jumada Al-Oula
6	i-Jumada Al-Akharah
7	i-Rajab
8	i-Sha'ban
9	i-Ramadan
10	i-Shawwal
11	i-Zul Qui'da
12	i-Zul Hijjah

5-Uhambo oluya eMakkah, kwi-HajjIHajj luhambo oluya eMakkah kwinyanga yenyanga kaZul Hijjah ngenjongo yokutyelela iMosque eNgcwele (iNdlu ka-Allah) nokwenza amasiko athile enkolo. Yintsika yesihlanu ye-Islam ekufuneka yenziwe kube kanye ebomini ngawo onke amaMuslim (abafikelele kwiminyaka yokufikisa) ukuba banesakhono semali kunye nesomzimba sokuyenza.

Njengoko abantu abavela kuzo zonke iintlanga kunye nezizwe bedibana kwindawo ephambili ngokomoya kwilizwe lamaMuslim, baqinisekisa umnombo wabo noyise u-Adam kunye nomnombo wabo womoya no-Abraham.