4.3: Ubu-Profeti – Mnye uThixo, Mnye uMyalezo
AbaProfeti nabaThunywa bakaThixo kwiQuran
Inkolo yamaMuslim ivuma bonke abaprofeti nabathunywa uThixo abathumela phambi koMuhammad ukuze bakhokele uluntu. Baqinisekisa umyalezo omnye, ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye, okukholelwa kubukho bukaThixo nobunye. UThixo wabathuma ukuba bafundise abantu ngenjongo yobomi, babakhusele ekulahlekeni baze babafundise ukuziphatha kakuhle.
IQuran ikhankanya abaprofeti abangama-25 kunye nabathunywa ngamagama kwaye igxile kumabali abanye babo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiQuran uAdam wakhankanywa izihlandlo ezingama-25, uNuh (uNowa) wakhankanywa izihlandlo ezingama-43, u-Ibrahim (uAbraham) wakhankanywa izihlandlo ezingama-69, uMusa (uMoses) wakhankanywa izihlandlo ezili-136 noIsa (uYesu) wakhankanywa izihlandlo ezingama-25.
UMuhammad wathi: “Umfanekiso wam xa uthelekisa nabanye abaprofeti bangaphambi kwam, ngulowo wendoda eyakha yaza yagqiba indlu ngaphandle kwendawo yesitena esinye esilahlekileyo. Xa abantu bebona indlu, bayayithanda ubuhle bayo kwaye bathi: ingantle kangakanani indlu ukuba isitena esilahlekileyo sibekwe endaweni yaso. Ngoko ke ndisisitena eso, yaye ndingowokugqibela kubaProfeti. “ Ichazwe nguBukhari 4.734, 4.735
Inene Sathumela abathunywa phambi kwakho, phakathi kwabo eSinixelele (ibali labo), nabanye esingabaxelelanga (ibali labo); Kwaye akuzange kunikwe nawuphi na umthunywa ukuba azise umqondiso (umqondiso) ngaphandle kwemvume ka-Thixo. IKurani, 40:78
Yithi: “Sikholiwe kuAllah, nakuloo nto ityhiliweyo kuthi, nakweyatyhilwa kuAbraham, noIshmayeli, noIsake, noYakob, nezizwe, noko bakufumanayo uMosis noYesu, noko bakufumanayo aBaProfeti kwiintlanga zabo. Nkosi. Akukho mahluko phakathi kwabo, yaye sizinikele kuYe. IKurani, 2:136
ITorah, iVangeli kunye neQuran zizityhilelo zikaThixo eluntwini
Ukukholelwa kwiincwadi zikaThixo ezityhiliweyo ngaphambi kweQuran yintsika ebalulekileyo yokholo lwamaMuslim. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba iQuran ayiphikisani nezityhilelo zangaphambili kodwa iyalatha kwaye ilungise ukuphambuka kwinyaniso eyenzekileyo kwimbali.
Sayityhila iTorah apho kukho isikhokelo nokukhanya. Quran, 5:44
Kwaye Salandela ezikhondweni zabo, uYesu unyana kaMariya, engqina oko kweza phambi kwakhe kwiTorah, saza samnika iVangeli apho kwakukho isikhokelo nokukhanya, engqina oko kwandulelayo kwiTorah njengesikhokhelo nemiyalelo kubo. amalungisa. Quran, 5:46
Saye sayityhila kuwe (iKurani) iNcwadi (iKur’an) ngenyaniso, ingqina nasiphi na isiBhalo esasiphambi kwayo, nomlindi wayo. Quran, 5:48
Abo uThixo Wabababalayo kuBaProfeti, kwinzala ka-Adam nakwabo Sabathwala (enqanaweni) kunye noNowa, nakwimbewu ka-Abraham noSirayeli, nakwabo Sabakhokela, sabanyula. Zathi zakuba zixelwa kubo izityhilelo zikaSimakade, bawa baqubuda, benqula, belila. Quran, 19:58
| Umprofeti | u-Muhammad | Isa (uYesu) | Musa (uMoses) | U-Ibrahim (uAbraham) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imilinganiselo. Ixesha | 570 - 632 CE | 1-33 CE | malunga ne-1400 BC | malunga ne-1700 BC |
| Imilinganiselo. Ubudala | 63 | 33 | >100 | – |
UMuhammad ﷺ kunye noAbraham عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ
UAbraham uthathwa njengoyise wabaprofeti kwiinkolo zamaJuda, zobuKrestu kunye nezamaMuslim kuba uninzi lwabaprofeti abaziwayo babephuma kwinzala yakhe. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba umprofeti uMuhammad uyinzala yakhe ngonyana wakhe wokuqala uIshmayeli owayekwanguyise wezizwe ezininzi zama-Arabhu. Kwelinye icala, uhlanga lwakwaSirayeli nabaprofeti abaninzi abanjengoYakobi, uYosefu, uAron noMoses baye baphuma kunyana wakhe wesibini uIsake.
IQuran yayisoloko ikhankanya ibali lika-Abraham, owayesebenzisaukujongwa komntu, isizathu kunye nengqiqo yokukhangela inyaniso. Wayeqonda ukuba uThixo akanakuba lilanga, okanye inyanga okanye nasiphi na isithixo okanye isidalwa. UThixo ngumdali wendalo iphela nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Nguye kuphela uthixo ofanele ukunqulwa. Yena mnye kwaye akanamaqabane. UAbraham wanikela ubomi bakhe waza wasokola ukufundisa abantu ukuba kukho uThixo omnye.
Wabonakalisa ukunyaniseka kwakhe, ukunyaniseka, umbulelo nokuthobela uThixo. Wabonisa owona mzekelo mkhulu nongenakulibaleka embalini wokuzithoba ngokupheleleyo kuThixo omnye, iNkosi yeenkosi, uMdali wezidalwa zonke noMnini walo lonke ihlabathi.
Ngubani na olunge ngakumbi elunqulweni kunalowo uzinikele kuAllah (enikela injongo yakhe kuThixo) ngelixa engumenzi wokulunga kwaye elandela inkolo ka-Abraham etyekele enyanisweni, othe tye? Kwaye uAllah wanyula uAbraham njengomhlobo osenyongweni. Quran, 4:125
UAbraham wayeyindoda enenyaniso eyabonisa umzekelo wokuthobela uThixo, ngoko ke, ngokutsho kweQur’an, uThixo wanyula uAbraham njengomhlobo nanjengomnye wabantu ababalaseleyo emhlabeni naphakathi kwamalungisa kubomi obuzayo (Quran, 4:25, 2) :130). U-Allah wamkhokelela kwinkolo eyiyo waza wamenza “u-Imam” oko kukuthi inkokeli yabantu (Kurani, 2:124) wamchaza njengohlanga (Kurani, 16:120) (Umntu omnye unempembelelo yesizwe).
U-Abraham uhlonitshwa ngamaMuslim njengomntu owathiya igama lawo ngokuthi “ngamaMuslim” (oko kukuthi, abo bakholelwa kuThixo omnye baze bazithobe kuYe) (Kurani, 22:78).
“UAbraham wayengenguye umYuda, engenguye umKristu; kodwa wayeli “Muslim Hanifan” indoda ethe tye eyanikezelayo yaza yazithoba ngokunyanisekileyo kuAllah (uThixo), kwaye wayengenguye omnye wabanquli-zithixo” Quran, 3:67
Qaphela: Imvelaphi yegama elithi "Abraham" yayinguAbram okanye uAvram kwaye ibhaliwe kwaye yabizwa ngokuba ngu "Ibrahim" ngesiArabhu. Icawa yamaRoma Katolika ibiza u-Abraham ngokuthi "ngubawo wethu ngokholo". Icawa yaseMpuma yeOthodoki iyamkhumbula "njengookhokho olungileyo u-Abraham".Kukholelwa ukuba isakhiwo sokuqala sokunqulela uThixo omnye sasekwa xa uAdam wayeqala ukuvela emhlabeni. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba uThixo wayalela uMprofeti uAbraham ukuba aphinde akhe esi sakhiwo kwaye aphakamise iindonga zaso phezu kwesiseko esinye, ngoko wakwenza oko nonyana wakhe uIshmayeli. Isakhiwo sikwi-cubical ngokwemilo kwaye sibizwa ngokuba yi "Kaabah". Ifumaneka eMakkah, okwangoku eseSaudi Arabia. UThixo wabeka umsebenzi kuAbraham nakunyana wakhe wokuhlambulula iKaabah kwabo bathandazayo, abacamngcayo nabaqubuda kuYe. UThixo wayenza indawo yokunqula, nendawo engcwele (indawo ekhuselekileyo nendawo yokuphumla) yabantu.
Umthandazo ka-Abraham no-Ishmayeli> “Nkosi yethu! Usenze sibe ngabalulamileyo kuWe nakwiMbewu yethu (inzala) yethu sibe sisizwe esithobekileyo kuwe, kwaye Usibonise iindlela (izithethe) zethu zonqulo, kwaye wamkele inguquko yethu. Ungoyena Uxolela Ngoyena Unenceba”
Quran, 2:128
I-Mosque Engcwele (Al Masjid Al-Haram) eMecca (Makkah), eSaudi Arabia. Le yeyona Mosque ingcwele kwi-Islam.Isakhiwo esimnyama yiKaabah. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba uThixo wayalela uMprofeti uAbraham ukuba amise iKaabah ukuze imzukise kwaye imnqule (uThixo Omnye).Xa amaMuslim ethandaza kuThixo, abhekisa ubuso bawo (abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi) ngaseKaabah.
UMprofeti uMuhammad wabonisa ukuba ukuthandaza kwiMosque eNgcwele (indlu yonqulo kaThixo) kunomvuzo omkhulu.Umvuzo womthandazo omnye kwiMosque eNgcwele ulingana nomvuzo wemithandazo eyi-100,000.
i-Hajj
Unyaka ngamnye, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu zamaMuslim zenza uhambo "iHajj" kwiindawo ezingcwele eMakkah. Yintsika yesihlanu yamaMuslim ekufuneka yenziwe kube kanye ebomini ngabo banemali kunye nempilo yokuyenza.UMuhammad wafundisa abantu indlela yokwenza iHajj, equlethe amasiko ka-Abraham. Wayijikeleza iKaabah, oko kukuthi, wayijikeleza eyijikeleza. Oku kwaziwa njenge "Tawaf".
Ukujikeleziswa kwenziwa izihlandlo ezisixhenxe kwaye kuhamba ngokuhamba ngewotshi njengesenzo sokuzithoba kuThixo, ekwangqinelana nokuhamba kweeplanethi kunye nee-elektroni.
Isikhululo sika-Abraham
Safa kunye noMarwa
Emva koko u-Muhammad wathandaza emva kwesikhululo sika-Abraham. Okwangoku yindawo ebiyelweyo equlathe iinyawo zika-Abraham kwisiqwenga selitye. AmaMuslim ayibiza ngokuba yiMaqam Ibrahim.
Emva koko uMuhammad wahamba phakathi kweenduli zeSafa nezaseMarwa, kwa-ndawo leyo uHagare wahamba amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ekhangela amanzi emva kokuba umyeni wakhe u-Abraham wamshiya apho nonyana wabo u-Ishmael. UAbraham wamcela ukuba ahlale apho njengesenzo sokuthobela kunye nokuzithoba kuMyalelo kaThixo Ngubani owayefuna ukuba indawo ibe yindawo engcwele kunye nendawo yokunqula.
Umgama phakathi kwezi nduli zimbini umalunga ne-395m. Lo msitho weHajj ubizwa ngokuba yi “Sa'ee” okt ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweenduli zeSafa nezaseMarwa ezifana nokuhamba kukaHagare kwindawo enye.
Kananjalo, iSa'ee ifana nentshukumo yemihla ngemihla, imisebenzi, iintshukumo kunye neenzame zomntu azenzayo ngexesha lobomi bakhe. Ezi zenzo kufuneka zibe zezilungileyo, ezilungileyo kunye neenjongo ezifanelekileyo ezongeza amaxabiso aqinisekileyo kwihlabathi kunye noluntu.
I-Sa'ee ine-laps ezisixhenxe (ngomgama opheleleyo we-2.76 Km) ukuqala kwi-Safa kunye nokuloba eMarwa.
Ukongeza kwamanye amasiko eHajj, uMuhammad waya kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Jamarat" kwidolophu ebizwa ngokuba yiMina (8 Km empuma yeMakkah). Apho wagibisela amatye efanekisela isenzo sika-Abraham, xa wamxuluba ngamatye uSathana owabonakala kuye njengexhego ezama ukumeyisa ekubeni amxhelele uThixo unyana wakhe. UAbraham wamxuluba izihlandlo ezininzi uSathana. Xa amaMuslim esenza isenzo esifanayo, ngokwenene acela umngeni kuSathana kunye neminqweno emibi yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwabo.
Okokugqibela, njengokuba uThixo wasindisa unyana ka-Abraham endaweni yenkunzi yegusha, uMuhammad wafundisa amaMuslim ukuba abonelele ngedini kuThixo ngokuxhela igusha okanye ibhokhwe njengomfuziselo wedini lika-Abraham, aze ahlule inyama phakathi kwamahlwempu.
UMuhammad wafundisa amaMuslim ukuba athandazele uAbraham nosapho lwakhe kuyo yonke imithandazo yemihla ngemihla emihlanu.
Kwakhona, kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba uMuhammad wabiza omnye wabantwana bakhe "Ibrahim", owafa ebuntwaneni bakhe.
Yithi (Muhammad): INkosi yam indikhokelele kwindlela ethe tye, kunqulo oluchanekileyo, kwindlela kunye noluntu luka-Abraham, indlela ethe tye etyekele ebunyanisweni, kwaye wayengenguye umkhonzi wezithixo (akazange azihlanganisele. abanye noThixo)” Quran, 6:161
Kukholelwa ukuba uAbraham wangcwatyelwa eHebron, ePalestina. Isakhiwo esiqulethe i-cenotaph ka-Abraham ibizwa ngokuba yi "Al-Masjid Al-Ibrahimi" (iMosque ka-Abraham). Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngabangengawo amaMuslim ukuba "yiTombs of the Patriarchs".
Isakhiwo ngokuyinhloko yi-mosque enkulu (imilo yoxande) kunye neeminarethi ezimbini zesikwere. Ikwabandakanya amagumbi amaninzi kunye nothotho lwemiqolomba engaphantsi komhlaba. Igumbi elisembindini wesakhiwo liqulethe i-cenotaphs ka-Abraham noSara. Igumbi elisemazantsi ( Ohel Yitzhak ngesiHebhere) liqulethe i-cenotaphs kaIsake nekaRebheka. Igumbi elingasentla lesakhiwo liqulethe i-cenotaphs kaYakobi noLeya. Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba iintsalela zika-Abraham, uIsake, uYakobi, uSara, uRebheka, noLeya zazigcinwe kumagumbi angaphantsi komhlaba angaphantsi kwesakhiwo.
Imbali ka-Abraham. Iimfundiso zamaMuslim ziyakwalela ukuthandaza okanye ukubongoza emangcwabeni okanye kubantu abangcwatywayo. UMprofetiUMuhammad wathi: Ukuba nicela (into) celani kuAllh kwaye ukuba nifuna inkxaso, yifuneni kuAllah.
Qaphela: AmaMuslim awawazukisi amangcwaba. Ngokweemfundiso zamaMuslim, ukwakheka kwengcwaba akufuneki kuphakanyiswe ngaphezu komgangatho ophantsi ngaphandle (ishibr enye emalunga neesentimitha ezingama-20). Iimfundiso zamaMuslim ziyakwalela ukuthandaza okanye ukubongoza emangcwabeni okanye kubantu abangcwatywayo. UMprofeti uMuhammad wathi: Ukuba ucela (into) cela ku-Allah kwaye ukuba ufuna inkxaso, yifune ku-Allah.
UMuhammad ﷺ kunye noMoses (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ)
Ngokutsho kweengxelo eziyinyani uMuhammad wathi:
UMuhammad wamdumisa kakhulu uMprofeti uMoses kwaye wabonisa ukuba ngoMhla woVuko uya kumbona uMoses emi kwaye ebambe icala leTrone ka-Allah. Sahih Al-Bukhari, 4/157, 3408. 4/159, 3414
Ngesinye isihlandlo xa uMuhammad wafika eMadina waza wafumanisa ukuba amaYuda azila ukutya ngomhla “ka-Ashura” (usuku awathi ngalo uThixo wabasindisa oonyana bakaSirayeli kuFaro waseYiputa), wacela amaMuslim ukuba azile ukutya ngolu suku ngokuzithandela kuba uMoses wazila ukutya ngaloo mini njengoMosis. intetho yombulelo kuThixo (Umhla “ka-Ashura” ngowe-10 kwinyanga yokuqala yekhalenda yenyanga).
Malunga nesinye kwisithathu seQuran sithetha ngoMoses neziganeko abantwana bakwaSirayeli abahamba kuzo. Ukongeza, iQuran ikhankanya abanye babaprofeti ababethunyelwe kubantwana bakwaSirayeli abanjengoAron, uZakariya noYohane.
IQuran ikhankanya ukuba uThixo wathetha noMoses waza wamchaza njengomnye wabathunywa abahlanu nabaprofeti ababenemishini enzima (Ulu Al Azm). UThixo wathabatha kubo umnqophiso obalulekileyo. Abathunywa abahlanu nguNowa, uAbraham, uMoses, uYesu noMuhammad uxolo lube phezu kwabo bonke. (Bona iQur’an, 33:7).
UMoses wafela kufuphi okanye kwiNtaba yeNebho ejongene noLwandle Olufileyo nakwilizwe lasePalestina. Isikhumbuzo sakhiwe entabeni, eyaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yabakhenkethi eJordan.
AmaMuslim abona ukufana okuninzi phakathi kukaMoses noMuhammad. Bobabini babengabaprofeti nabathunywa abazisa iNcwadi eNgcwele eyayibandakanya umthetho kaThixo kunye nemiyalelo. Bobabini babekhokela abantu babo kwaye bahlala phakathi kwabo ixesha elide. Bobabini batshatile kwaye banabantwana.
UMuhammad ﷺ kunye noYesu عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ
Ngokutsho kweengxelo eziyinyani uMuhammad wathi:
“Mna ndingoyena ukufutshane kubo bonke abantu kunyana kaMariam (uMariya) kwaye bonke abaprofeti bangabazalwana boyise, kwaye akuzange kubekho mprofeti phakathi kwam naye (oko kukuthi u-Isa (uYesu)”. (Bukhaari, 3285)
UYesu kwiQuranIQuran ichaza u-Isa (uYesu) ngokuthi "iLizwi likaThixo" kunye "neendaba ezivuyisayo" ezidluliselwe kuMariya. Igama lakhe "nguMesiya uYesu unyana kaMariya".
UThixo wamxhasa ngoMoya oyiNgcwele (iNgelosi enkulu uJibril (uGabriel) waza wamthumela njengesithunywa kubantwana bakwaSirayeli ukuze abakhokelele kwindlela ethe tye kwaye banqule uThixo “Allah” iNkosi yakhe neNkosi yabo neNkosi yezidalwa zonke.(Jonga Quran, 2:87, 3:45-49, 4:171).
INazarete yidolophu eyimbali eGalili esePalestine. Ikhankanywa kwiiVangeli njengekhaya likaMariya, inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobuntwana bukaYesu Kristu.
Kwakhona, iKurani ichaza uYesu njengobalaseleyo (okhumbulekayo nobalaseleyo) emhlabeni naku bomi obuzayo, kwaye omnye wamalungisa kunye nabo basondezwe kuThixo. IQuran ibonisa ukuba uThixo wafundisa uYesu iSibhalo nobulumko, kunye neTorah kunye neVangeli. UAllah wamxhasa ngemimangaliso yokuphilisa iimfama, abaneqhenqa, nokuvusa abafileyo ngentando yakhe. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba uYesu uya kubuya.
eBhetelehem: ICawe Yokuzalwa yenye yezona nkonzo zindala ehlabathini.Kukholelwa ukuba ngamaKristu amaninzi kuphawula indawo yokuzalwa kuka-Isa (uYesu Krestu).
Umprofeti uMuhammad wabonisa ukuba uMhla wovuko awuyi kwenzeka de uYesu ehle ezulwini.
Uya kubuya ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlabathi ukuze azise abantu kwi-monotheism kunye nokuseka umthetho kaThixo emhlabeni. Uya kulwa noMesiya wobuxoki, kwaye ahlanganise onke amakholwa kuThixo omnye. Uya kuba ngumlawuli olungileyo kwaye uya kuzisa uxolo kwihlabathi liphela. AmaMuslim anyanzelekile ukuba abekhona phakathi kwabaxhasi nabalandeli bakaYesu ekubuyeni kwakhe.
Iifoto ezisuka eDamasko, eSiriya:Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, uMprofeti uMuhammad wabonisa ukuba u-Isa (uYesu) uya kuhla ngasempumalanga yeDamascus.