4.1: UbuProfeti - uMuhammad nobuProfeti
I-Jabal Al-Noor, iNtaba ye-Al-Noor (oko kukuthi, iNtaba yokuKhanya), iMakkah – iSaudi Arabia
“Kwaye asikuthumelanga (nto yimbi) kubantu bonke ngaphandle kokuba ube ngumhambisi weendaba ezilungileyo nanjengomlumkisi. IQuran, 34:28
UMuhammad wayengazi ukuba uya kuba nguMprofeti
Wakhokela ubomi bokuziphatha okuhle kunye nokuqhelekileyo. Wayesaziwa ngokunyaniseka, ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka. Akazange anqule izithixo ngexesha apho ukunqula izithixo kwakuxhaphakile kwiindawo zonqulo zithixo.
Wayesoloko ekholelwa ekubeni indalo iphela kufanele ukuba idalwe futhi ilawulwa nguThixo omnye. Wayedla ngokunqula uThixo ngokurhoxa emqolombeni (634m ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle) kwintaba ezi-4 km empuma yeMecca (Makkah).
Umqolomba waziwa ngokuba ngumqolomba waseHira osentabeni ebizwa ngokuba yi "Jabal Al Noor" (i.e. Intaba yokukhanya). Kungenxa yokuba uMuhammad wafumana isityhilelo sokuqala esivela kuThixo xa wayecamngca kulo mqolomba.
Yayingeyonkohliso kwaye yayingelophupha
Umqolomba weHira
Xa uMuhammad efikelela kwiminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala, wayedla ngokucamngca rhoqo eCave Hira. Ngenyanga yeRamadan (inyanga yesithoba yonyaka wenyanga, malunga nowama-610 CE), isiphatha-zingelosi uJibril (uGabriyeli) sabonakala kuye okokuqala ngoxa wayesemqolombeni saza sathi kuye “Funda”. UMuhammad woyika.Njengoko wayengafundanga, wayengakwazi ukufunda yaye engazi nokuba makafunde ntoni. Ingelosi enkulu uJibril (uGabriyeli) waliphindaphinda igama elithi “Funda” emva koko wacengceleza ezi ndinyana zilandelayo ezivela kuThixo:
“Funda eGameni leNkosi yakho eyadala (yonke into), yadala umntu ngehlwili (encamathele kudonga lwesibeleko)… Funda! kwaye iNkosi yakho nguSomandla Owafundisa umntu ngosiba...Umfundise umntu into abengayazi!” Quran 96: 1-5
Ingelosi enkulu uJibril (uGabriel) wanyamalala emva kwale ntlanganiso imfutshane.
U-Muhammad woyika
Eli ligama elithi Muhammad ngesiArabhu elenziwe nguMzobi u-Abdul Majid Al Noerat.Iilinganisa ukunyuka kukaMuhammad kwiNtaba yeNoor (Ukukhanya), kunye nokuzama kwakhe ukufumana uThixo Omnye, uMdali neNkosi yazo zonke izidalwa.
Wayesoyika kakhulu. Wabaleka wabuyela ekhayeni lakhe. Wayengcangcazela. Waxelela umfazi wakhe u-Khadijah ngento eyenzekileyo kuye, wamcela ukuba amgqume. Wamxelela ukuba uThixo akazukumphoxa okanye avumele amadimoni ukuba amchukumise njengoko egcina ubudlelwane obuhle nezalamane zakhe, enceda abantu abahluphekileyo kwaye ethanda ukwenza umnikelo.
Ngaba sisityhilelo esivela kuThixo okanye kukusebeza kukaSathana?
U-Muhammad wayesoyika ukuba mhlawumbi ungenwe lifufunyana. Wahamba nenkosikazi yakhe u-Khadijah ukuya kubalisa lonke ibali ku-Waraqa Bin Nawfal (isizalwane sika Khadijah) owayengumntu ongumKristu okholwayo nonolwazi ngebhayibhile. UWaraqa waxela kwangaphambili ukuba uMuhammad uza kuba nguMprofeti kwaye wamqinisekisa ukuba oko wakufumanayo sisityhilelo esivela kuThixo esifana noko kwafunyanwa nguMoses uMprofeti wamaJuda. UWaraqa wayenqwenela ukuxhasa uMuhammad kodwa wayemdala kakhulu ngelo xesha. Uxelele uMuhammad ukuba uyakugxothwa eMakkah ngabantu bakowabo kwaye uyakuphathwa ngenzondo ngabantu abathile.
Wena unguMthunywa kaThixo
UMuhammad wayefuna iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba azinze kwaye akazange abuyele entabeni. Emva kwethuba iNgelosi enkulu uJibril (uGabriel) wabuyela kuye waza wamazisa ukuba uya kuba nguMthunywa kaThixo (uAllah Owongamileyo noPhakamileyo) ukuze adlulise uMyalezo waKhe oNgcwele kubo bonke abantu. UJibril (uGabriyeli) wacengceleza ezi ndinyana zilandelayo ezivela kuThixo:
“Yini na wena! wombathisiweyo (ugutyungelwe ziingubo zakho); Phakama!, ubalumkise; Uzukise iNkosi yakho; zicoce iimpahla zakho; kwaye uzigcine kude nezenzo ezimbi kwaye ungakujongi ukuzalisekisa kwakho lemiyalelo njengobabalo kuThixo okanye ebantwini; yiba nomonde ngenxa yeNkosi yakho ” IQuran 74: 1-7
UJibril (uGabriel) waqhubeka esiza kuMuhammad kwisithuba seminyaka engama-23. Ngeli xesha, uMyalezo kaThixo kuluntu (iKurani) watyhilwa.
UMuhammad wadlulisela uMyalezo kaThixo kubo bonke abantu
U-Muhammad wenza ngokwesityhilelo awasifumana ngonyaka ka-610 CE. Umeme abantu baseArabhiya nangaphandle kweArabhiya ukuba bakholelwe kuThixo omnye (uAllah) kwaye bathobele imithetho yakhe njengoko ibekelwe impilo yoluntu luphela.
Uthetha ngantoni lo “Myalezo”?
Ukholo noMthetho
Umyalezo we-Islam usekelwe kwiinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili (Kholwa kwaye Yenza) ezithi iAqidah neShariah. I-Aqidah ebubunqina bokholo lwamaMuslim isekelwe kwisibhengezo sokholo kuThixo omnye kunye nokukholelwa koko asiyalele ukuba sikukholelwe kuko njenge-ngelosi zaKhe, iincwadi ezingcwele, abaThunywa, uMhla woVuko kunye nenkolelo kwiNtando Yakhe phezu kobomi nesiphelo sento zonke. i “Shariah” ethetha uMthetho kaThixo; imisela imithetho elawulayo:
- Izenzo zonqulo ezifana nemithandazo yemihla ngemihla, ukuzila ukutya, ukunika i-zakat (amalizo), njalo-njalo.
- Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha emele ibonakale kwindlela ubani aziphethe ngayo (ukubanenyani, ukunyaniseka, ukuthembeka, uthando, intsebenziswano, njalo-njalo)
- Iintengiselwano zobomi kunye nokusebenzelana nabanye okunje ngemithetho yobulungisa, amalungelo abantu, urhwebo noshishino, umtshato, uqhawulo-mtshato, ilifa njalo-njalo.
Phawula:Emva kokufumana isityhilelo esivela kuThixo, uMuhammad wagxila ekufundiseni abantu ngoThixo omnye (Aqidah) iminyaka elishumi elinesithathu. Emva kokufudukela eMadinah, bekugxilwe ngakumbi ekuchazeni nasekumiliseni uSharariya.### Imithetho kaThixo
Yithi (Muhammad): Yizani, ndiza kunicengceleza oko iNkosi yenu yanalelayo kuko. (1) Musani ukudibanisa nawaphi na amaqabane ngokulingana Naye;(2) Ubaphathe kakuhle abazali bakho;(3) Ningabulali abantwana benu ngenxa yokudinga, Sithi abanondlayo nina bano(4) Musani ukusondela ekwenzeni okuziintloni, esidlangalaleni nokuba kusemfihlekweni;(5) Nize ningabulali namnye umphefumlo, athe uThixo wawungcwaliswa, ngaphandle kobulungisa namthetho; Oku uniyalela ngako, ukuze nifunde ubulumko;(6) Musani ukuchukumisa ubutyebi okanye impahla yeenkedama, ngaphandle kokuyilungisa ide ifikelele ebudaleni.(7) Kwaye ninike umlinganiselo kunye(8) Nolinganiselo olupupheleleyo (xa nithengisa okanye nithenga ngemali okanye ngaphandle kwayo), Asimthwalisi umntu umthwalo angenokwazi ukuwuthwala;(9) Nanini na xa sukuba uthetha (okanye ungqinayo) thetha ngobulungisa, nokuba sisalamane esisondeleyo;(10) Wuzaliseni uMnqophiso kaThixo. Yiyo le into aniyalela yona khona ukuze nikhumbule” Quran 6:151-152
Intshayelelo ebonakalayo yeemfundiso zikaMuhammad eAbyssinia
UJa'far bin Abi-Talib wayengomnye kumashumi asibhozo amaMuslim awayebalekele ukhuseleko kwilizwe laseAbyssinia (ngoku eyiTopiya eAfrika). Ethetha noKumkani waseAbyssinia egameni lamaMuslim afuna indawo yokhuseleko apho, uJafar wathi:
“Yini na Kumkani, sasikhe sahlala singabantu abaphila ngokungazi (ukungaqapheli nokungabinalwazi), sinqula izithixo, sisitya isidumbu, sisenza amasikizi, singakhathaleli izalamane zethu, sibaphatha kakubi abamelwane bethu kwaye sivumela abomeleleyo phakathi kwethu ukuba bacinezele ababuthathaka . Le yindlela esasiphila ngayo de uThixo wasithumelela umthunywa ovela phakathi kwethu, indoda imvelaphi, ukuthembeka kunye nobunyulu bayo babusaziwa sithi. Wasibiza ukuba sinqule uThixo yedwa, siwashiye amatye nezithixo esasizinqula njengoko babesenza ookhokho bethu. Wasiyalela ukuba sinyaniseke kumazwi ethu, sizalisekise izithembiso zethu size sizihlonele iimbopheleleko zethu kulwalamano lwethu lwegazi yaye wasalela ukwenza amasikizi. Ke thina sathembela kuye, sakholwa, saza sahamba ngokwelizwi awalifumana kuThixo. Kodwa ke, abantu bakuthi basigxeka, basithuthumbisa yaye benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze basishenxise kunqulo lwethu. Bathe xa beqhubeka besicinezela, safika kwilizwe lakho sikhetha wena ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye ukuze sikhuseleke kwaye siphathwe ngokungenamkhethe.”
UKumkani ongumKristu wamkela inkolo kaMuhammad
Negash Mosque, Tigray, Ethiopia
Emva kokuba uJa'far enze intetho yakhe, uKumkani wase-Abyssinia (owayengumntu okholwayo nowoyika uThixo) wacela uJa'far ukuba acengceleze iivesi ezithile kwi "Ncwadi" eyatyhilwa kuMuhammad.UJa'far ucengceleze inxalenye yesahluko esithi “uMariam (uMariya)”(1), uMama kaYesu. Waqhubeka ecengceleza wade walila uKumkani nendevu zakhe zimanzi ziinyembezi.
Emva koko uKumkani wathi:
"Umyalezo oziswe nguMuhammad kunye nalowo waziswa nguYesu uphuma kumthombo omnye."
Imibhalo yokugqibela
- KwiQuran ezukileyo, iSahluko se-19 sibizwa ngokuba “nguMariam” oko kukuthi uMariya, unina kaYesu. Esi sisishwankathelo sebali likaMariam elivela kwiQuran.
Nize nimkhankanye uMariam (uMariya) eSibhalweni, akuba erhoxile kubantu bakowabo waya kwindawo esempuma ukuze abe ngasese kubo. Emva koko Sathumela kuye umoya Wethu (iNgelosi uJibril (uGabriel)) owabonakala kuye engumntu ongenasiphako. Wathi: “Ndizimela ngoThixo, uSozinceba, kuwe ukuba uyamoyika. Wathi yena: Andinguye omnye ngaphandle koMthunywa weNkosi yenu ukuba ininike inkwenkwe esulungekileyo. Wathi yena: Ndingathini ukuba ndibe nenkwenkwe (unyana) ndingazange ndichukunyiswe mntu ndingazange ndiziphathe kakubi! Wathi: (Kuya kuba njalo). Ithe iNkosi yakho: Kulula kum kwaye Siya kumenza umqondiso ongummangaliso kubo bonke abantu, neNceba evela kuthi. Ngumbandela omiselweyo. Kungekudala wamkhawula, yaye wakhawuleza waya kwindawo ethe qelele, kodwa iintlungu zokuzala zamqhubela esiqwini somthi wesundu. Yathi, Akwaba bendifile phambi koku, ndaba yinto ilabalekileyo kwaphela! Quran, 19:16-23
Ngokwebali elikhankanywe kwiQuran, uMariam wazisa unyana wakhe kubantu bakhe ababemgxekayo. Kodwa usana lwakhe (uYesu) lwathetha ngokungummangaliso lwaza lwathi:
Inene mna ndisisicaka sika-Allah. Yena (wamisela) ukuba andinike isiBhalo aze andenze umprofeti kwaye andenze ndisikelelwe naphi na apho ndikhoyo. Kwaye wandiyalela ukuba ndithandaze kuye ndinike amalizo lo gama ndisaphila kwaye ndibe nesimilo kumama. Akazange andenze ndibe nezothe okanye ndiphathwe kakubi. Yanga uxolo malube phezu kwam mhla ndazalwayo, namhla ndifayo, nangemini endiya kuvuka ngayo ndiphila. Lowo ngu-Isa (uYesu) unyana kaMariam (uMariya); yinyaniso malunga noko bakuthandabuzayo. AkunjenaThixo ukuthabatha unyana (Makabongwe). Xa emmisela into, uthi kuyo: Yiba njalo, ibe njalo. Quran 19: 30-35