4.2: Isiprofetho - Umlayezo WamaSulumane
Islam ngamazwi alula
Ngokuhlonishwa kuka-Abdul Aziz Al Rashidi
“I-Islam” isho ukuzithoba nokuzinikela kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. Kuyinkolo yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa lapho umuntu obambelele kwi-Islam ukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu munye futhi akanakuqhathaniswa namuntu. Akanabalingani noma amadodana. Akazalanga futhi akazalwanga (akazali futhi akazalwa). Wadala izulu nomhlaba nazo zonke izidalwa. Akekho ohlanganyela Naye ubuNkulunkulu Bakhe futhi akekho onelungelo lokukhonzwa noma lokukhulekelwa ngaphandle Kwakhe yedwa.
Ubani igama likaNkulunkulu?
Igama lakhe ngu "Allah". Libizwa ngokuthi uAllah ngonkamisa omude u-“a”. Futhi,
UNkulunkulu unamagama nezimfanelo eziningi ezinhle. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zishiwo eTestamenteni Elidala. Isibonelo, igama elithi Quddous ngesi-Arabhu lifana negama elithi Qadosh noma Hakkadosh ngesiHebheru, okusho ukuthi “Ongcwele”.
Igama elithi Ahad ngesi-Arabhu lifana negama elithi Echad ngesiHebheru, okusho ukuthi “Lo Oyedwa”. Kwi-Islam, uNkulunkulu uvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi “Onomusa Kakhulu, Onesihawu”.
| IsiZulu | Isi-Arabhu | IsiHeberu | Isi-Aramu |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNkulunkulu | Ilah | Eloha | Elaha |
Qaphela:EBhayibhelini lesi-Arabhu, igama elithi Allah livame ukukhulunywa ngakho ukuze libonise uNkulunkulu. Kwi-Islam kunama-99 "amagama amahle" nezimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu.> “UnguAllah Okungekho Nkulunkulu omunye Ngaphandle Kwakhe: Owazi okungabonwayo nokubonwayo; UnoMusa. UnguAllah, okungekho Nkulunkulu ngaphandle Kwakhe; iNkosi, oNgcwele, uMninimandla wokuthula, uMniki wokulondeka, uMgcini wakho konke, uMninimandla onke, oPhezukonke, uMninimandla onke. Udumo malube kuAllah kulokho ababekubeke (naYe)! UnguAllah; uMdali, uMenzi, uMenzi wemfashini: Awakhe amagama amahle kakhulu. Konke okusezulwini nasemhlabeni kumemezela udumo lwaKhe; futhi Unamandla, Ukhaliphile okwdlula konke”.
Quran 59:22-24
Muhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) kanye Islam
Lapho indoda ethile icela uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) ukuba achaze i-Islam ngamazwi alula ukuze angafuni ukucaciswa okwengeziwe kunoma ubani omunye, uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) washo ngamafuphi:
“Yithi, ngikholwa kuAllah (uNkulunkulu oyedwa) bese uyagxila. (okungukuthi gxila ekuziphatheni kwakho futhi ungaphambuki endleleni eqondile).”
Ukwamukela inkolo yobuSulumane kudinga ukulandela indlela yokuphila elinganiselayo ngaphandle kokuphambukisa ku-extremist ngamazwi, izenzo noma izenzo.
Islam nokuthula
Ngokolimi igama elithi “Islam” ngesi-Arabhu lisuka ezimpandeni zegama elithi “salama”, elisho ukungabi nangozi futhi lihlobene negama elithi Salaam”, okusho ukuthula. E-Islam, elithi “The Peace” ingelinye lamagama amangalisayo nezimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu (Allah). Lowo ozithoba kuAllah kufanele athole ukuthula kwangaphakathi kuye ngokwakhe futhi kufanele abe nokuthula nemvelo kanye nabantu.
UmProfethi uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) uchaze umSulumane ngokuthi “lowo abanye abantu abaphephile ekulimaleni okuvela olimini nasezandleni zakhe”, okungukuthi abantu akufanele bathole ukulimala ezenzweni nasemazwini akhe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi emphakathini wamaSulumane, abantu bayabingelelana ngegama elithi “Assalamo Alaykom” elisho ukuthi “ukuthula makube phezu kwenu” esikhundleni samagama athi “Sawubona”. Inguqulo ephelele yalesi sitatimende ithi “ukuthula makube phezu kwenu kanye nesihe nezibusiso zika-Allah”. Kufanele uphendule lokhu kubingelela ngesimemezelo sokuthula ”wa alaykum assalaam” “ukuthula makube kuwe futhi”.
AmaSulumane noma amaMuhammad?
Ngokungafani nabalandeli bezinye izinkolo, abalandeli bakaMuhammad ababizwa ngokuthi ama Muhammad. Umuntu obambelele kwi-Islam noma lowo owamukela njengokholo nendlela yokuphila ubizwa ngokuthi “iMuslim” okungukuthi lowo okholwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa futhi wazithoba kuYe.
Izingxenye eziyisithupha zesivumokholo samaSulumane
Ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu Oyedwa kudinga ukukholelwa eziNgelosini Zakhe, ezincwadini Zakhe, eziThunyweni Zakhe kanye nokukholelwa osukwini Lokwahlulela kanye nokukholelwa ezigamekweni ezimiswe nguNkulunkulu ngaphambilini .
Izinsika ze-Islam, ezenza inkolo yamaSulumane
Inkolo yamaSulumane isuselwe ezinsikeni ezinhlanu okumele amaSulumane azenze.
| 1 | Shahada | Esho (esho ngomlomo) isivumokholo se-Islam (akekho uNkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah futhi uMuhammad uyisithunywa sikaAllah) |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Isalaah | Ukwenza imithandazo ebekiwe yansuku zonke |
| 3 | Sawm | Ukuzila inyanga yenyanga kaRamadan |
| 4 | Zakat | Ukukhokha izipho zomusa njengesizo kanye ngonyaka |
| 5 | Hajj | Ukuhambela eMosque Engcwele (iNdlu kaNkulunkulu) eMakkah kanye ngesikhathi sokuphila kulabo abanamandla ngokomzimba nangokwezimali |
Izinsika zobuSulumane
1 - Ukukhuluma Inkolelo YamaSulumane, Shahada
Lokhu kuwukuvuma ukuthi munye kuphela uNkulunkulu owadala zonke izidalwa. Igama lakhe nguAllah.
Umuntu kuthiwa uyiSulumane uma ekholwa ngenhliziyo futhi esho (evuma ngomlomo) iShahada ethi "akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah noMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) uyisiThunywa sikaAllah." (Ngesi-Arabhu kubhalwe ukuthi: Ash'hado an la Ilaha illa Allah, Wa Ash'hado anna Muhammadan rasoolo'Allah.)Ukwamukela uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) njengoMprofethi kanye nesiThunywa sikaNkulunkulu kudinga ukwamukela bonke abaProfethi nezithunywa uNkulunkulu azithumela ngaphambi kwakhe.
2 - Imithandazo yansuku zonke emisiwe, iSalaahUmthandazo (Salaah) in Islam isenzo sokukhulekela esenza umuntu akwazi ukuxhumana nomdali wakhe futhi asondele Kuye. Kunemithandazo emihlanu enqunyiwe yansuku zonke kwi-Islam, isabalele phakathi komjikelezo wosuku lonke. Umongo wokukhonza uwukudumisa nokuphakamisa uNkulunkulu ngenhliziyo, ngolimi nangomzimba.
“Futhi uma izinceku zaMi zikubuza, [Muhammad], ngaMi - ngempela ngiseduze. Ngiyasabela ekunxuseni kumfakisicelo uma ebiza Kimi. Ngakho-ke mabaphendule Kimi futhi bakholwe Kimi ukuze bahole [ngokufanelekile]” Quran 2:186
Eqinisweni, igama elithi 'salaah' ngokwezwi nezwi lisho 'ukuxhumana okushisayo'. Kuwukubonakaliswa okungokoqobo kokholo. Umthandazo ngamunye uhlanganisa ukunyakaza ngokomzimba kokukhothama nokukhuleka ku-Allah. Umthandazo ukhombisa amazinga akhula kancane kancane okuzithoba kuAllah. Kudinga ukugxilisa ingqondo ngokuphelele nokuzihlukanisa nezindaba zomhlaba. Umprofethi uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi: "Umuntu useduze kakhulu no-Allah ngesikhathi sokuguqa."
Ukuthandaza kahlanu ngosuku kungase kubonakale kuningi kwabanye abantu. Eqinisweni, kuwuhlobo lokuzindla olungathathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amane ngosuku. Njengoba nje sidla kathathu noma kane ngosuku futhi asilokothi sikhononde ngoba sidinga ukondliwa okungokwenyama ukuze siphile, sidinga nokudla okungokomoya komphefumulo wethu. I-salaah ngezikhathi ezihlukene usuku lonke inikeza ukudla okunjalo okungokomoya.
I-3 - iZakat, Ukupha iziphoI-Zakat iyinsika ebalulekile yamaSulumane. Kusho ukunikeza izipho (ukukhokhela isisa) kanye ngonyaka kwabampofu, abaswele kanye nabanye abahlomuli abafanelekile njengoba kushiwo yiQuran. Icaciswe nge-(2.5%) yengcebo yomuntu siqu eyeqile.
IZakat ihlanza inhliziyo yomuntu ebugovuni futhi isusa inzondo nomhawu ezinhliziyweni zabampofu. Ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa komphakathi nokusebenzisana, uzwelo nenhlonipho. Ithuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi wonke futhi izuze ubulungiswa emphakathini.
4 - Ukuzila ukudla eRamadanAmaSulumane kudingeka azile ukudla yonke inyanga yeRamadan (izinsuku ezingama-29 noma ezingama-30), kusukela ekuntweleni kokusa kuze kube ekushoneni kwelanga. Ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla, amaSulumane kudingeka agweme ukudla, ukuphuza kanye nokuxhumana nocansi ngenkathi ephila impilo evamile.
Ukuzila ukudla ngenxa kaAllah kusiza ukuvuma ukuthi ukudla (okungase kuthathwe kalula) empeleni kuvela kuAllah ngqo.Lapho abantu bezwa iminjunju yendlala, babhekana nokuhlupheka abantulayo abahluphekayo abadlula kukho ngokukhethekile ezindaweni lapho abantu bebulawa indlala noma bengenakho ukudla okuyisisekelo. Abacebile bazothambekela kakhulu ekunikeleni uma bezila. Lokhu kwakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu futhi kusiza ekwakheni ukuzwana komphakathi.
Ukuzila ukudla kwenza umuntu akwazi ukunqanda izifiso zangaphakathi, afunde ukuzithiba futhi ngaleyo ndlela azuze ukukhula okungcono ngokomoya. Ukuzila ukudla kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo futhi odokotela batusa ukwelapha ezinye izifo.
Izinyanga Zenyanga
| 1 | Al-Muharram |
|---|---|
| 2 | I-Safar |
| 3 | Rabi' Al-Awal |
| 4 | Rabi' Al-Akharah |
| 5 | Jumada Al-Oula |
| 6 | Jumada Al-Akharah |
| 7 | Rajab |
| 8 | Sha'ban |
| 9 | Ramadan |
| 10 | Shawwal |
| 11 | Zul Quida |
| 12 | Zul Hijjah |
5 - Uhambo oluya eMakkah, HajjIHajj wuhambo oluya eMakkah ngenyanga kaZul Hijjah ngenhloso yokuvakashela iSacred Mosque (Indlu ka-Allah) nokwenza amasiko athile enkolo. Kuyinsika yesihlanu ye-Islam okufanele yenziwe kanye empilweni yibo bonke amaSulumane (abafinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba) inqobo nje uma benamandla ngokwezimali nangokwenyama okuyenza.
Njengoba abantu abavela kuzo zonke izinhlanga nezizwe bebuthana endaweni eyingqophamlando yomhlaba wamaSulumane, baqinisekisa uzalo lwabo woyise u-Adamu kanye nozalo lwabo lukamoya u-Abrahama.