7: Amalungelo Abantu
“O Sintu! Sikudalile Kusuka Owesilisa Nowesifazane, Futhi Sikwenzele Izizwe Nezizwe Ukuze Nazi. Impela Ohlonipheke Kunabo Bonke Emehlweni Ka-Allah, Nguye Okholwa Kakhulu. Impela u-Allah Wazi Konke, Wazi Konke ”. Quran, 49:13 I-Inner Apartments (Al-Hujurát)
Inkululeko, Ubulungiswa Nokuvikelwa
"Akukho ukuphoqelelwa" ku-Islam
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wazibiza ngokuthi uyisithunywa sikaNkulunkulu. Wathola uMlayezo oNgcwele oya kubo bonke abantu futhi washikashikeka ukuze awudlulisele kubo bonke abantu kodwa akazange aphoqe muntu ukuba awamukele. Waphindaphinda i-Quran eqinisekisa inkululeko yokukholelwa nenkululeko yokuzikhethela yabo bonke abantu.
“Futhi uma iNkosi yakho ibithandile, bonke abantu emhlabeni bebengakholelwa (bonke) ndawonye. Ngabe wena (Muhammad) uzophoqelela noma uphoqe abantu baze babe ngamakholwa? ” Quran, 10:99
“Akukho okuphoqelelwa enkolweni, iqiniso (indlela eyiyo) selihlukile kunephutha (indlela engalungile), futhi noma ngubani owenqaba okubi futhi akholelwe kuNkulunkulu ubambe isibambo esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu esingakaze siphume. Futhi uNkulunkulu uzwa konke futhi wazi konke ”. Quran, 2:256
Ukuziphatha nokulingana kwazo zonke izinhlanga
kwi-Islam, bonke abantu bathathwa njengabalinganayo ngaphansi komthetho ngenxa yokuba ngamalungu obuntu. Ubungcwele kanye nobuhle bezimilo zokuziphatha kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphakama komuntu emehlweni kaNkulunkulu. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wakubeka ngala mazwi:
“INkosi yakho yinye. Bonke abantu bavela ku-Adamu futhi u-Adamu wadalwa ngothuli. Um-Arab akaphakeme kunomuntu ongeyena um-Arab futhi nongeyena um-Arab akanabo ubungcono kunom-Arab ngaphandle kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu (ukuzinikela kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu kugqugquzela izenzo ezinhle).” (Musnad Ahmad 10/5586, 23972)
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wakhuthaza ukukhulula izigqila futhi wethula imithetho yamaSulumane yokuqeda ubugqila
Ubugqila babukhona ngaphambi kwesikhathi sikaMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye). Eqinisweni, yayiyingxenye yezinhlelo eziningi zenhlalo yabantu emhlabeni. Izigqila zazibhekwa njengempahla nengxenye yengcebo yabantu. Njengoba inkolo yamaSulumane ivikela ingcebo nempahla yabantu, ubugqila bayeka kancane kancane.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-Islam, ukuhlukumeza nokuphatha kabi isigqila kwakubhekwa njengesono esasidinga ukuphenduka kuNkulunkulu ngokukhulula isigqila sikhululekile.2Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphenduka ekwephuleni imithetho eminingi yamaSulumane kwakudinga ukukhulula izigqila noma ukuthenga isigqila kumuntu nokumkhulula. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho ubugqila buqedwa ngokuphelele.
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) ukhuthaze amakholwa ukuthi adedele izigqila ngenxa kaNkulunkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wabona umuntu obizwa ngo- "Abu Mas'ud Al-Badri" eshaya futhi eshaya isigqila sakhe. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi kuye ngokuqinile:.
“Kufanele nazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu unamandla amakhulu futhi unamandla phezu kwenu ngaphezu kwamandla enu phezu kwalesi sigqila.” U-Abu Mas’ud wehlisa umoya futhi wathi kuMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) ngolimi oluxolisayo: “Ngizomkhulula ngenxa kaNkulunkulu.” UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi kuye: “Uma ungakwenzi lokho, iSihogo Somlilo sizothinta ubuso bakho.”3 (Sahih Muslim 5/91, 1659)
Ukuvikelwa nokuvikeleka kwabantu
Ekhuluma nabantu abangaphezu kuka-100 000, uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi entshumayelweni yakhe yokugcina:
“O bantu, amakholwa abazalwane. Akukho muntu ongathatha impahla yomfowabo ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe ngokugcwele. Ngabe ngiwulethile umlayezo? O Allah, Nkosi yami, yiba ngufakazi wami. Ungaphindeli emuva ushayana intamo. Impela nginishiyele lokho uma nikuthatha, anisoze naduka emva kwami: iNcwadi kaAllah kanye nesibonelo sami. Ngabe ngiwulethile umlayezo? O Allah Nkosi yami, yiba ngufakazi wami.” (Al-Hakim, 1/93, 317. Al-Bayhaqi, 6/96, 11640)
Bonke abantu bame ngokulingana phambi komthetho
UMprofethi uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wethula futhi wafundisa abantu iShariah, i..e. UMthetho kaNkulunkulu olawula ukuphila kwabantu nolawula ukusebenzelana kwabo nokuhwebelana. Ugcizelele ukuthi bonke abantu kumele bahloniphe umthetho futhi abephula umthetho kumele bajeziswe kungakhathalekile ukuthi banjani emphakathini. Lapho umthetho usetshenziswa ngobulungisa, bonke abantu bajabulela ubulungisa nokulondeka.
UMprofethi ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi akekho umuntu ongaphezu komthetho okuhlanganisa nezihlobo zakhe. Isibonelo nje, ukweba nokugebenga, wukuhlasela kwempahla yabantu kungakhathalekile ukuthi baluphi uhlanga kanye nesigaba senhlalo. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) washo ngokucacile ukuthi wayezojezisa indodakazi yakhe ayithandayo uFatima uma entshontshe noma kubani.4
Yahlulelani ngobulungisa; indaba kaThoma kanye neNdoda eyiJuda
Ngesinye isikhathi, indoda yama-Arab okuthiwa u-To'mah Bin Ubayriq yeba isihlangu sensimbi esasiyingxenye yesambatho zempi yasifihla endlini yomngane wayo ongumJuda. UmJuda wabekwa icala lokweba isihlangu sensimbi kodwa waliphika futhi wamangalela uTo'mah.
Njengoba umenzi wobubi wayengakaziwa, amaSulumane amaningi angama-Arab azwelana noTo'mah futhi azama ukuthonya umbono kaMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye)(ukuthula makube kuye) ukuba aphendulele icala lendoda engumJuda kodwa ubulungiswa bamaSulumane banqoba. UThomah watholakala enecala futhi indoda engumJuda yatholakala ingenacala. Kulo mongo, kwembulwa ivesi kuQur'an ligomela ubulungiswa: (Al- Hakim, 4/385, 8256. Tirmithi, 5/128, 3036)
“Impela thina sehlisele kini iNcwadi ngeqiniso ukuze nahlulele phakathi kwabantu ngalokho uNkulunkulu akubonise kona (wakufundisa ubulungisa). Ngakho ungabi umnxuseli walabo abakhaphela ithemba labo.” Quran, 4:105
Amalungelo kanye nezibopho zabesifazane
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) ukuqinisekisile ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abesifazane enkulumweni yakhe yokuvalelisa. Uthe:
"O bantu, kuyiqiniso ukuthi unamalungelo athile maqondana nabesifazane bakho kodwa nabo banamalungelo phezu kwakho." “Khumbulani ukuthi nibathathe njengamakhosikazi enu kuphela ngokuthenjwa nguAllah nangemvume yaKhe. Baphathe kahle abesifazane bakho futhi ube nomusa kubo ngoba bangabalingani bakho futhi bangabasizi abazinikele." (Sahih A-Bukhari, 6/27. Muslim, 4/178, 1468)
Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo ezintandane
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) udlulise imiyalo kaNkulunkulu maqondana nezintandane. I-Quran iyala amaSulumane ukuthi avikele amalungelo ezintandane futhi abaphathwe ngomusa nangobulungiswa.
"Ngempela labo abadla ingcebo (impahla) yezintandane ngokungafanele badla umlilo eziswini zabo. Ngoba bayosha eLangabini (basha esihogweni somlilo).” Quran, 4:10
Muhammad(ukuthula makube kuyena) wathi:
“Mina Nomuntu Onakekela Intandane Siyoba EPharadesi Kanje, Sihlanganise Inkomba Yakhe Neminwe Ephakathi.”5 (Sahih Al-Bukhari, 7/53, 5304)
Letha izinto ezigciniwe kulabo abanelungelo lazo
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wacelwa ukuba ahole umkhuleko womngcwabo womuntu, kodwa waqala wabuza abangane bakhe: “Ingabe lo muntu waboleka imali noma izigciniso zabanye?” Bathi, "Yebo". Ngakho-ke uMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wabacela ukuthi baqale bahambise izigciniso kulabo ababefanele bona bese eyomthandazela.
“UAllah Ukuyalela ukuthi uhambise (ubuyisele) aizithembiso (imisebenzi) kulabo abanelungelo labo, futhi uma uzohlulela phakathi kwabantu, ukwahlulela ngobulungiswa. Bheka ukuthi kuhle kanjani lokho u-Allah akwazisa ngakho(ekuyala, ekuxwayisa); Impela uAllah Uzwile, Uyabona. ” Quran 4:58
Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo ezindlalifa
Ngokomthetho wamaSulumane, lapho umuntu efa, amalungu omndeni wakhe aseduze kakhulu anelungelo lokuthola izingxenye ezishiwo zefa (ingcebo nempahla yomuntu oshonile). I-Islam ayikuvumeli ukuthi umuntu abele encwadini yefa ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ingcebo yakhe ngenjongo yokupha noma yokunikela. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela amalungelo abazuzi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwefa ngendlela efanele phakathi kwabo bonke.
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wavakashela omunye wabangane bakhe owalulama ekuguleni. Le ndoda ithi ibinomcebo omkhulu futhi inendodakazi eyodwa vo njengendlalifa. Wabuza uMuhammad ukuthi angashiya izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomcebo wakhe njengesisa senhliziyo. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi: “Cha”. Le ndoda yabuza cishe uhhafu. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi: “Cha”. Indoda yabuza cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu? UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) uthe: “Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu (iyavuma) nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuningi. Ukushiya izindlalifa zakho zicebile kungcono kunokuzishiya zimpofu zicela usizo. ”
Ayikho imali ezalayo kwi-Islam
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wathi: “UNkulunkulu ukwenqabele ukuthi uthathe inzalo, ngakho-ke zonke izibopho zenzalo zizosuswa.inhlokomali yakho ingeyakho okufanele uyigcine. Ngeke ulimaze noma uhlupheke ngokungalingani. UAllah wahlulele ukuthi ngeke kube khona inzalo (inzalo).
“Labo abakhokhisa inzalo basesimweni esifanayo nalabo abalawulwa wuSathane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bathi inzalo kuyefana nokuhweba. Nokho, uNkulunkulu uyakuvumela ukuhwebelana, futhi wenqabela inzalo.” Quran, 2:275
Ukubulala inhlonipho nokuchithwa kwegazi Akuvunyelwe
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) uqede impindiselo yegazi (ukuziphindiselela) kanye ne-vendetta (ingxabano yegazi noma ingxabano). Enkulumweni yakhe yokuvalelisa wathi:
"Wonke amalungelo avela ekubulaleni (ukubulala) ezinsukwini zangaphambi kwe-Islamic kusukela manje kuyayekwa futhi ilungelo lokuqala engiliyekayo yilelo elivela ekubulaweni kukaRabi'ah (isihlobo sikaMuhammad)." (Tirmithi, 5/167, 3087. Ibn-Majah, 4/243, 3055)
Ukubulala ngamabomu nokubulala ngephutha
Ukubulala ngamabomu kungaphansi kokuziphindiselela ngendlela efanayo, umbulali kufanele agwetshwe.
Kepha, noma ngubani obulala umuntu ngephutha futhi abangele ukufa ngengozi kumele akhokhele umndeni womuntu obulewe. Ngesikhathi sikaMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye), isinxephezelo kwakungamakamela ayikhulu. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) utshele abantu bakhe ukuthi noma ngubani ocela okungaphezulu kwalesi sibalo ungumuntu ongazi khakhulu waleso sikhathi.
Ukulwa kwi Islam
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba bazimisele ezitheni zabo, bangazithobi noma babe nolaka. Wayekhona nakanjani ezindaweni zezimpi. UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wabeka imithetho nezimiso zokuzibandakanya nezitha ezimpini nasekubhekaneni neziboshwa zempi.
Wafundisa amaSulumane ukuthi angalwi nezakhamuzi futhi angahlaseli noma abulale izingane noma abesifazane noma abadala. Ubacele ukuthi bangacekeli phansi imvelo noma balimaze izihlahla.
UNGABULALIizakhamuzi, izingane,abesifazane nabadala
UNGABHALIimvelo kanyeungagawuli izihlahla
Ubakhumbuze njalo ukuthi ukungena kwabo ezimpini kumele kube ngesisekelo sokugomela futhi ngenxa kaNkulunkulu ongabathandi abaphambukayo. Ivesi 190, Isahluko 2 seQuran sibeka umthetho oyisisekelo wokulwa nezitha nabahlaseli. Isho ngokucacile:
“Futhi nilwe ngenxa kaAllah labo abalwa nani futhi ningayeqi imingcele. Impela uAllah Akabathandi abeqamthetho.”
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wayebheka ukuzibulala njengesono esikhulu
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wakubeka ngala mazwi:
“Noma ubani ozibulala ngensimbi uyovuswa ngoSuku Lokwahlulela ebambe yona le nsimbi futhi azibulale ngokuqhubekayo esihogweni somlilo kuze kube ungunaphakade, futhi noma ubani ozibulala ngoshevu; uyovuswa ephethe lobo buthi awugwinye njalo esihogweni somlilo naphakade, nozibulala ngokuziphonsa endaweni ephakeme njengentaba uyokwenza okufanayo esihogweni unomphela. .” 6
Ubungcwele nokungaphulwa kwezimpilo zabantu
Ngenxa yokuthi uNkulunkulu ungumdali wokuphila futhi uwukuphela kombusi wako, uphethe ukuphila kwaso sonke izidalwa. UNkulunkulu uthi kuQuran maqondana nesigameko sokuqala sokubulala emlandweni lapho uKhayini, indodana ka-Adamu, ebulala umfowabo u-Abela:
“Ngolokho sanquma ngabantwana bakwa-Israyeli ukuthi yilowo nalowo obulala umuntu ongabulalanga muntu noma icala elibi emhlabeni, kuyakuba sengathi ubulele abantu bonke, futhi yilowo nalowo osindisa umphefumulo wakhe. umuntu, kuyoba sengathi usindise ukuphila kwabantu bonke jikelele.” Quran, 5:32
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) walugxeka udlame
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) akazange asebenzise udlame njengethuluzi lokudlulisa umyalezo kaNkulunkulu noma ukuphoqa inkolo kaNkulunkulu. Yize esungule umbuso wamaSulumane eMadinah, akazange asebenzise umphakathi omncane wamaSulumane owahlala eMakkah ukudala inkinga noma ukubulala izitha zakhe. Eqinisweni, wacela abalandeli bakhe ukuthi bahloniphe ukuhleleka komphakathi abahlala kuwo.
UMuhammad(ukuthula makube kuye) wafundisa amakholwa ukuthi noma nini nanoma kuphi lapho kusetshenziswa ubumnene noma umusa endabeni, kuyonezela ukubaluleka kwayo futhi kuyoletha imiphumela emihle. Ubuye wafundisa ukuthi ubulukhuni kanye nokuziphatha okungasho lutho kuzomosha yonke into. Ilandiswa nguMuslim
Umdwebo wamaSulumane ekhiqizwe umdwebi wezinhlamvu waseTurkey u-Hassan Chelebi ngevesi leQuran. UNkulunkulu uthi kubantu: “Lapho nahlulela phakathi kwabantu nahlulela ngobulungisa.” IKoran, 4:58.
Umdwebo wamaSulumane ekhiqizwe umdwebi wombhalo waseGibhithe u-Isaam Abdul Fattah ngevesi leQuran. UNkulunkulu uthi kubantu: “Futhi akekho othwala imithwalo oyothwala omunye (ngoSuku Lokwahlulela).” IKoran, 17:15.
AMAPHUZU
- Nelson Mandela(umongameli wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika yentando yeningi) uyisibonelo esihle somzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo nokucwaswa kwabantu bezinhlanga ezehlukene. INingizimu Afrika ibe yizwe lapho bonke abantu behlala ndawonye njengesizwe esisodwa esibumbene ngokwehlukana kwabo. Izimfundiso zeQuran ziqinisekisa iqiniso lokuthi uNkulunkulu wadala abantu ezizweni nasezizweni ezahlukene ukuze bazane. Umlungu akanabo ubukhazikhazi kunomuntu ongeyena umlungu ngaphandle kokukhonza uNkulunkulu (futhi vice versa). “Impela ohlonipheke kakhulu phakathi kwenu phambi kukaAllah, ngongcwele kakhulu. Impela uAllah Uyakwazi konke, Uyazi konke.” Quran 49:13
- URiyadh al-Salihin (1603/4), (1605/6)
- UMprofethi uMuhammad wakhombisa ukuthi ngoSuku Lokwahlulela, uNkulunkulu uzoba yisitha salabo abaqasha abasebenzi futhi bangabakhokheli iholo labo. UMphrofethi Muhammad ukugcizelele ukuthi amaholo kumele akhokhelwe abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba izithukuthuku zabo zome. Amaholo awakwazi ukubambezeleka futhi kumele akhokhwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi.
- Ngeminye imininingwane mayelana nomthetho wamaSulumane sicela ubheke: http://www.islamreligion.com/category/110/ http://www.islamhouse.com
- I-Sahih Al-Bukhari (34/8)
- USahih Al-Bukhari (5778) noSahih Muslim (109)
Idizayini yobuciko evela egameni elithi "Muhammad" ngesi-Arabhu.Ngokuhlonishwa kukaFarid Al-Ali.