Skip to main content

13: Islamic Architecture

Ama-mosque​

I-Cathedral Mosque eMoscow, eRussia​

I-Grand Mosque yase-Kuwait:​

Isithombe esithathwe ngumthwebuli wezithombe u-Ahmad Al Amiri ngobusuku bama-27 enyangeni yenyanga u-Ramadan. Ngesikhathi sayo esiphezulu, i-mosque ingakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-45,000 kuhlanganise nezindawo ezingaphandle.

AmaSulumane azila inyanga ye-Ramadan kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga. Ebusuku amaSulumane enza imithandazo eyengeziwe nokunxusa.

I-Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, e-Abu Dhabi, e-UAE​

Kuyi-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke e-United Arab Emirates kanye ne-mosque yesishiyagalombili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Indawo yama-mosque ilingana nobukhulu bezinkundla zebhola ezinhlanu cishe. Ingahlalisa abakhulekeli abangaphezu kuka-40,000.

Inezindlu ezingama-82 namamitha angu-4 inye ngamamitha angu-107 ukuphakama. I-mosque inokhaphethi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, olinganiselwa ku-5627 m2 kanye ne-chandelier enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni (amamitha angu-15 ukuphakama no-10 m ububanzi). I-mosque ithathwa njengenye yezindawo eziheha izivakashi ezibaluleke kakhulu e-UAE

I-Jumeirah Mosque, Dubai, UAE:​

Enye yama-mosque akhanga kakhulu e-Dubai ekhombisa izakhiwo zesimanje zamaSulumane.

King Hussein Mosque, Amman, Jordan:​

Yavulwa ngo-2005 njengenye yama-mosque amakhulu kakhulu e-Amman ebonisa ubuciko besimanje be-Islamic kanye ne-calligraphy. Ngokuma kwesikwele kanye namamitha amane, ibheke idolobha lase-Amman njengoba lakhiwe phezu kwentaba eyi-1000 m approx. ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Ahmed Al-Fateh Mosque, Kingdom of Bahrain - Juffair:​

Yavulwa ngo-1988 ngu-Amir waseBahrain ongasekho, uSheikh Issa bin Salman Al-Khalifa. I-mosque ithatha indawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-6,500 futhi ingakwazi ukuhlalisa abakhulekeli abafika ku-7000. I-mosque ibonisa inhlanganisela esobala yezakhiwo zamaSulumane kanye namagugu endawo.

I-Al-Saleh Mosque, Sanaa, Yemen​

Iyi-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke e-Yemen. Yavulwa ngo-2008, nendawo yonke eyi-27,300 m2 approx. kanye nenani labakhulekeli abangu-40000. I-mosque yakhiwe ngendlela yezakhiwo zaseYemeni. Ihlanganisa iminyango yamapulangwe engu-15 kanye namamitha amakhulu ayi-6.

I-Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, Muscat, Oman:​

I-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke e-Oman. Yavulwa ngo-2001 futhi ihlanganisa ukhaphethi owenziwe ngesandla wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kanye ne-chandelier. (indawo yama-mosque - 416,000 sq. Amamitha, inkimbinkimbi ye-mosque ifinyelela ku-40,000 m2).

I-Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem​

AmaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi iyisonto lamaSulumane lesibili elibekwe emhlabeni ukuze isintu sikhonze uNkulunkulu oyedwa (Qaphela: eyokuqala ithempeli lamaSulumane elingcwele eMakkah). I-Al-Aqsa Mosque iyindawo engcwele yamaSulumane futhi yayivame ukuba yiQiblah yokuqala e-Islam (indawo amaSulumane ayevame ukuqondisa ngayo ubuso bawo kuyo lapho ethandaza kuNkulunkulu). Emuva kwesambulo seQuranic esivela kuNkulunkulu, amaSulumane ayalwa ukuba aguqule "iQiblah" iqonde eMosque of Sanctuary eMakkah, eneKaabah (isakhiwo esiyi-cubical esakhiwe nguMprofethi u-Abraham (pbuh) ukuze sikhonze uNkulunkulu oyedwa). Indawo yonke ye-Al Aqsa Mosque/ Sanctuary icishe ibe yi-14.4 Hectare noma 144,000 m2. Kuhlanganisa izindawo ezingcwele ezimbili ezibalulekile, i-“Qibli Masjid” (lapho i-imam ivame ukuhola khona imikhuleko) kanye “neDome of the Rock”.

Qibla Masjid

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem:​

Yindlu engcwele yamaSulumane kanye nethempeli lamaSulumane elakhiwa ngesikhathi sika-688-692 CE yiKhalifa ye-Umayyad u-Abdul Malik Bin Marwan phezu kwedwala elikholelwa amaSulumane indawo lapho uMprofethi uMuhammad (pbuh) enyukela khona emazulwini. Kuyibhilidi eliyi-octagon elinedome esagolide elingama-29.4m ububanzi.

Umayyad Mosque, Damaseku, Syria​

I-Ummayad Mosque, eyasungulwa (706 -715 CE) ngaphansi kwe-Umayyad caliph u-Al Walid. Ingelinye lama-mosque amakhulu namadala kakhulu emhlabeni anokubaluleka kwezakhiwo (ingaphakathi le-mosque lilinganiselwa ku-4000m2). Ngo-2001 uPapa John Paul II wavakashela i-mosque futhi kwakungokokuqala uPhapha evakashela i-mosque. I-minaret ekhoneni eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ibizwa ngokuthi i-Minaret of Jesus njengoba amaSulumane amaningi ekholelwa ukuthi lapho uJesu ebuya, uzokwehla eduze kwale Minaret.

I-Mosque Enkulu yaseSamara, eSamara, e-Iraq:​

Kuyi-mosque yekhulu le-9 etholakala edolobheni lase-Iraq iSamara. I-mosque yagunyazwa ngo-848 futhi yaqedwa ngo-851 yi-Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutawakkil.I-Great Mosque yaseSamarra yake yaba i-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni; i-minaret yawo, i-Malwiya Tower, iyisigaxa esikhulu esizungezayo (umnenke omise okwesimo) esingamamitha angu-52 ukuphakama namamitha angu-33 ububanzi esinerempu ezungezayo. I-mosque yayinamaphasishi angu-17, futhi izindonga zawo zazinamekwe ngengilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emnyama. I-minaret isesimweni se-ziggurat yaseBabiloni.

I-Sultan Ahmet Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey:​

Yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi “i-Blue Mosque”, enamadome e-cascading kanye nama-minarets ayisithupha azacile. Igunyazwe nguSultan Ahmet woMbuso Wase-Ottoman ngekhulu le-17 (ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1609 futhi kwathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa).

E-Aya sofya, Istanbul, Turkey​

U-Aya Sofya (Hagia Sophia) e-Istanbul - Turkey. Yisonto langaphambili laseByzantine elabe lisebenza njenge-mosque yase-Ottoman cishe. Iminyaka engu-500. Manje isiyimnyuziyamu nendawo enkulu eheha izivakashi.

I-Taj Mahal, Agra, India :​

Yakhiwa ngu-Shah Jahan (1592-1666) ekhumbula umkakhe. Ngenxa yomklamo wayo oyingqayizivele wezakhiwo, ithathwa njengenye yezindawo eziheha izivakashi ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Eduze kwe-Taj Mahal, u-Shah Jahan wakha i-mosque eyingxenye yesakhiwo sase-Taj Mahal. Iqoshwe ezindongeni ze-Taj Mahal, kunezahluko ezigcwele "amaSurah" avela kuQuran.

Sicela wazi ukuthi izimfundiso zamaSulumane ziyakwenqabela ukwakha izakhiwo phezu kwamathuna. Ithuna liyisakhiwo esingaphezu komhlabathi, kanti ithuna liwumgodi ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngokwezimfundiso zoMprofethi uMuhammad, ithuna akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-“shibr” eyodwa okusho ukuthi libe ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukusuka phansi. Ngemva kokufaka isidumbu ethuneni, isihlabathi esimbiwe siyaqoqwa futhi sipakishwe phezu kwethuna ngendlela ebukeka njengeqhubu bekamela phezu kwethuna.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMprofethi uMuhammad uncome abantu ukuthi bavakashele amathuna ukuze bakhumbule iqiniso lokuthi zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zizofa futhi zibuyele eNkosini yazo. NguNkulunkulu kuphela okufanele akhazinyuliswe, aphakanyiswe futhi akhonzwe hhayi abantu.

Jama Masjid eNew Delhi, India​

I-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke eNdiya, eyakhiwa ngo-1656

Faisal Mosque, Islamabad, Pakistan​

ILahore Fort, Lahore, Pakistan​

Star Mosque, Dhaka, Bangladesh​

I-Auburn Gallipoli Mosque, eSydney, e-Australia​

I-Sultan Mosque, eSingapore​

Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam​

I-Tokyo Jami, Japan​

I-Pattani Central Mosque, Thailand​

I-Crystal Mosque, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia​

I-mosque yenziwe ngokuyinhloko ngekristalu. Itholakala e-Islamic Heritage Park esiqhingini sase-Wan Man. Yavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2008.

I-Putrajaya Mosque, Malaysia​

I-Kuantan Mosque eMalaysia​

Ubudiah Mosque, Perak, Malaysia​

I-Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt​

Yasungulwa ngo-971 CE, exhunywe nenye yamanyuvesi amadala asebenza emhlabeni (yavulwa ngo-988 CE).

I-Ahmad Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo, Egypt:​

Yaqedwa ngo-879 CE, enye yezinkulu emhlabeni, (26,318 m2) futhi idume ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kanye ne-minaret eyingqayizivele.

I-Mezquita yaseCordoba, eCordoba, eSpain​

I-Mezquita yigama lesiSpanishi elisho "mosque". Kuyi-mosque yekhulu lesi-8 eyakhiwe abadwebi bezakhiwo bamaSulumane ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Emir waseCordoba, u-Abdul-Rahman II (822-852). Namuhla, iMezquita iyisonto lombhishobhi laseCordoba (Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption).

I-Alhambra Calat, Spain​

Ibizwa nangokuthi "inqaba ebomvu". Yindlu yesigodlo nenqaba, eyakhiwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaSultan wamaSulumane waseGranada (1353-1391 CE). Namuhla ingenye yezindawo eziheha izivakashi ezinkulu eSpain ekhombisa izakhiwo ezidume kakhulu zama-Islamic eSpain. Qaphela: Ngaphakathi kwe-Alhambra, iSigodlo soMbusi WaseRoma uCharles V sakhiwa ngo-1527 CE.

I-Masjid Istiqlal, Jakarta, Indonesia​

Lena i-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. I-Istiqlal isho ukuzimela. Itholakala eduze nesonto elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Indonesia.

Masjid Raya Baiturrahman, Banda Aceh:​

Le mosque ingesinye sezakhiwo ezasinda ku-tsunami ngo-2004. Ngemva kwe-tsunami i-mosque yakhonza amakhulu abantu njengendawo yokukhosela yesikhashana.

I-Hassan II Mosque, eCasablanca, eMorocco​

Yaqedwa ngo-1993. Yaklanywa umdwebi wezakhiwo waseFrance uMichel Pinseau. I-minaret ye-Great Mosque iyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke e-Morocco kanye ne-minaret ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni (amamitha angu-210). Ebusuku, ama-laser akhanyisa ugongolo ukusuka phezulu kwe-minaret ukuya eMosque of Sanctuary eMakkah. (Umthamo: 25,000 abakhulekeli)

Inyuvesi yaseKaraouine kanye neMosque, Fes, Morocco​

Yasungulwa ngo-859 CE ngowesifazane okuthiwa uFatima Al-Fihri. Yisikhungo semfundo ephakeme esidala kunazo zonke, esisebenza njalo emhlabeni ngokusho kwe-UNESCO kanye neGuinness World Records. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi iKaraouine University yayiyisibonelo samanyuvesi aseYurophu futhi ingelinye lamanyuvesi amadala asasebenza.

I-Kipchak Mosque e-Ashgabat, Turkmenistan​

Azadi Mosque, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan​

I-Shir Dor Madrasah, Samarkand, Uzbekistan​

Kalon Mosque, Bukhara, Uzbekistan​

I-Grand Mosque yaseParis, eFrance​

Iyi-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke eFrance. Yasungulwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I. Yavulwa mhla ziyi-15 kuJulayi 1926.

Penzberg Mosque, Penzberg, Germany​

I-minaret iqoshwe amagama e-"Azaan", isimemo samaSulumane semithandazo yansuku zonke. Idizayini ye-Arabic calligraphic yenziwe umdwebi owine umklomelo uMohammed Mandi wase-UAE

Qaphela: E-Islam kunemithandazo emihlanu ngosuku. Okulandelayo ukuhunyushwa kwamagama “Azaan” (biza umkhuleko ngamunye). Isitatimende ngasinye siphindaphindwa kabili: uAllah mkhulu kunabo bonke. Ngifakaza ukuthi akukho nkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah. Ngiyafakaza ukuthi uMuhammad uyisiThunywa sikaAllah. Woza emthandazweni. Woza empumelelweni yangempela. UAllah mkhulu. Akekho uNkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaAllah.### I-Great Mosque yase-Xi'an, e-China

Grand Mosque, Semarang, Indonesia​

I-Hui Mosque, Ningxia, China​

I-Auwal Mosque e-Bokaap, eKapa, eNingizimu Afrika​

IMasjidul Quds eseGatesville, eKapa, eNingizimu Afrika​

IMasjidul Quds eseGatesville, eKapa, eNingizimu Afrika

I-Nizamiye Mosque eMidrand, eGoli, SA​

I-Nizamiye Mosque eMidrand, eGoli, eNingizimu Afrika

Grand Mosque, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso​

I-Djenné Mosque, Djenné, Mali​

I-Djenné iyikhaya le-mosque yodaka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokhu kuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu kunalokho okungase kuzwakale: isakhiwo sikhulu, futhi siyakwazi ukuba nenhle kokubili eduze nakude. Kabili ngonyaka zonke izakhamuzi zedolobha ziwisa yonke into, zidonsa udaka emfuleni i-Bani oseduze, futhi ndawonye zipakisha kabusha izindonga zamaMosque.